This really depends on the species. Many of the intertidal gonodactylids are extremely tolerant of both temperature and salinity changes. I have seen conditions on a reef flat in Panama go from 25 to 38 degrees C in a few hours with no ill effect on the N. bredini. I have also seen heavy squalls at low tide send the salinity to that of basically fresh water. Again, the animals can survive this for several minutes. What they can't take is a combination of the two. Several times I have seen a noon time low tide coupled with a rain storm followed by bright sun put animals into 37+, near fresh water. This is fatal. Several years ago on Guam, most of the reef flat was wiped out by such conditions.
On the other hand, if you are dealing with a subtidal species, they can be very sensitive to sudden changes in both temperature and salinity. I generally float an open bag in the tank and add a cup of water every 10 - 15 minutes until the bag is nearly full - two or three hours. Generally this is adequate for even the most sensitive species.
Roy