The first problem when losing power is oxygen content of the water. The specific heat of water (especially when surrounded by glass or acrylic) is high enough, that heat loss will happen slowly - it's a problem in longer outtages, but not short ones. At the density we stock our tanks, it does not take long for animals to begin suffering from lack of O2 - In my system I estimate it's at about an hour or so. Every system is different. Everything in your tank consumers oxygen - even the crap on the rocks you can't see, so it goes fast when the water is stagnant. Circulation should be your first concern.
You can run a PH or small pump off one of those computer UPS's for some time (again, matching pump to run-time on a battery is a case-by-case thing, but generally, the bigger the longer). That will keep the water moving, and oxygenated, until the battery dies. I've got a larger sized UPS on my tank (APC 1000) to handle the return pump (Iwaki55), I get about 40-minutes off a fresh set of batteries. Power inverters and a car are also popular solutions, but also require intervention.
I really enjoy having this system setup, despite the fact that pumps and UPS's aren't the best combination, as it gives me peace of mind while away from the house - when the power does go, I've got 40-minutes to run home and get the generator running. :lol:
- Mac