It's actually an exceedingly simple, convenient system of dosing equivalent amounts of calcium and carbonate/bicarbonate ions--both of which are needed for calcification, which produces calcium carbonate. For the homemade version, each part only contains one ingredient--calcium chloride for the calcium part and sodium bicarbonate (or sodium carbonate, depending) for the alkalinity part. You'll also notice that in the homemade version there's a third part. This is a solution of magnesium, consisting of magnesium chloride or magnesium sulfate (or a combined solution of both, which is what I use). That's it. Adding these makes maintaining adequate levels of calcium and alkalinity easy and more convenient than some other methods, at least for me. Some proprietary versions will have more in them, though, or at least the chemicals used may be more impure to include "more" in them (like various trace metals, etc.). All of them work, though.