I use cyanoacrylate - better known as CA in the RC plane modelling hobby. "Thick CA" is great, takes seconds to hold, and I've never seen a negative reaction in the tank.
You have to watch the fumes - they can be bad, and I assume bad for the colony/coral you're attaching, so I like to put the glue on the rock, let the fumes dissipate, then pull the coral out of the water and attach.