If your octo has truly "barricaded" herself in a den by making an effort to block the entrance behind her, the almost certain explanation is that she is laying or caring for eggs (in some species the laying process can go on for a few days). The gestation process is quite long. For the Giant Pacific Octopus it can be 6 to 8 months; presumably, it would be somewhat shorter for the smaller species but I've got no clue about how much shorter. In the wild, they don't eat during this period and probably won't in captivity either - although it might be worth an occasional 'offering' for the first few weeks. If she's caring for eggs, she definitely won't leave the den to go hunting so it would come down to whether she might accept the food at the den mouth or not. She probably won't but what have you got to lose?
What to do now? If your octo is a so called 'large egg' species you can just wait out the gestation process and, when you see miniature octos crawling around, then take steps to segregate the babies for raising. That won't work for 'small egg' species since their young are planktonic and liable to be sucked into your pumps before you're even aware that they've hatched. Possibly you could adapt the techniques used to extract copepod and mysis napuli in culture operations.
Maternally yours,
TPG