Conservation of threatened and endangered species is the act of placing mitigating controls on a genetically unique species in order to reduce the further destruction of it's habitat, food sources, or breeding capabilities.
Three criteria need to be met in order to list a species as threatened. Is it's habitat threatened by man-made influence? Climate change meets this first primer in almost all marine species. Is the population in decline? This can be by human means, diseases, parasites, loss of breeding locations, etc. Can the species recover within 100 years in it's natural habitat if no intervention is placed?
If a species meets these criteria after multiple 10 year studies, then conversation measures begin. These can be from recovery programs, to restrictions on catch and import numbers. But in almost all cases, the conservation effort is put in place to ensure that the population dynamics of that species do not decline further "in the wild".