"powder type of algae" needs a little clarification. this made me thing that you had sporadic diatom (brown) algae that just happened to be in a green variation. which brings up the point that when describing algae color isn't at all important really. texture is what maters. the fact that you said it never grown on the panes, can remove it with a baster, and it grows in shade all point back to cyano.
i wont deny that when it comes to filtration i am very bias and sometimes opinionated. my cure for almost everything is dsb (deep sand bed), especial cyano and other algae, not that cyano is widely considered an algae. anyway you are running a po4 remover which is good. im not too experienced with phosphate products so im not even going to ask if its a pad, media or reactor. how do you handle the nitrates in your tank? what is your filtration setup?
oh, and the reason it doesn't grow on the glass is that it is hard for anything really to get a foot-hold on glass, especially if there is high flow. this isnt to say it cant do it if the bloom were to become big enough. mostly though you will see it in low flow areas or substrate. also, it can be very shade tolerant as well.