Yep, snails first. Try the small ones.
I had a similar problem in the past and the Turbos did the job (Turbos are what we can get here), along with water chemistry correction. My trouble was because I moved the tank. Only one colony had the algae. Brush didn't work.
Avoid Turbos because you won't have enough algae after those are gone, they will starve and die fast.
Yes could be the sand, depending on how long you had the sand and what's going on in it.
What type of sand do you have?
How deep?
How long was the sand undisturbed before you stirred up the substrate?
Why did you want to stir the sand?
Do you have a plenum?
Those are some of the questions that will give some light for the answers.
Perhaps others had the same problem and will help you here...
Normally the sand wouldn't be the reason.
Try to remember other possibilities and do some testing (phosphate, nitrate, alkalinity, magnesium, calcium, SG,...), if possible.
Grandis.