2 parts of the 3 with regards to technically correct exposures Allmost.
Will defer to beerguy, Misled and others as Im just starting to do some FTS.
That said.
The tips of my SPS are always very overexposed. Is there a simple explanation (I'm a newbie) as to how to prevent that?
Working on a couple assumptions.
Your camera is metering for the entire tank and averaging the light being reflected. So relatively speaking the brightest parts, comprise only a very small portion.You could use spot metering to metering off one of the brighter area's and adjust your settings accordingly so as to avoid blowing them...
Or stay with matrix/eval metering and refer to your histogram/lcd (if you have highlight warning enabled.) and then reduce your exposure by dropping ISO, reducing SS, or stopping down until your highlights are exposed the way you want. The trade off is you will likely start clipping shadows (blacks) and leaving other areas of the tank decidedly "under exposed".
"proper exposures" as defined by your meter are not always "correct" or what you want.
Expose to the right.
By referring to your histogram you can try to edge the exposure as far right as possible without blowing any of the highlights. Once blown, those pixels contain no data.If the image (overall is under exposed) you can play with it in post to lighten the darken areas (if desired) .
And sometimes you just have to make a choice and maybe accept blowing some highlights, or clipping some shadows...the devil is in the details.
Alternatively there are some other things you can try during capture.Starting with some flash so you expose for the highlights and allow the flash to "balance" or fill shadows and possibly even using a grad nd if the top of your tank is really bright, relative to the mid and bottom and your aqua scape