They set the flow range, in former times our pumps had different transformers so a pump could work in smaller tanks. The jumpers are a resistor that change the voltage on one model of transformer so the pump can fill different niches of tank size.
These are approximate flow rate ranges with the lower being 30% on a controller at this voltage.
12V- 500-1700-gph
18V- 700-2400-gph
24V- 1000-3400-gph
You would need the jumpers for a 6101 power supply, these can be ordered on Tunze.com. I might caution though that we discontinued the 6101.240 power supply Feb 2010. It was replaced by 6105.240. The main reason I would consider this is that the power supplies last 3-4 years on average, while the jumpers are cheap (about $2 each), a new 6105.240 will include 12, 18 and 24 and may be the better investment, the jumpers are different though and cannot interchange. A 6101.240 power supply could be as much as 5 years old. You can order any parts on Tunze.com.