It can remove organic matter (food/poop,etc...) before it breaks down into nitrates..
In a tank with 10ppm of existing nitrates a skimmer will not lower that number but can help prevent it going higher..
In general though its not very effective at what it does (I think someone has calculated like 30% efficiency at best)...
There are also some studies showing that it has a negative effect on bacterial counts over time...
It is absolutely not a necessary piece of equipment and many tanks do just fine without one..
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