sump filtration questions

[ifixa320s]

I'm in the process of putting a 45g hex tank with 20g long sump together. I used to have a tank back in the mid 80's. Filtration I understood back then. My question is how the current sumps achieve this. Protein skimmers remove suspended matter. But what converts the amonia. We used to do this with under gravel filters or reverse flow thru sand beds or wet/dry drip system thru sand beds

 

[tzylak]

You have a very broad questions and consideration for methods long gone.
Consider reading stickys like: ***SETTING UP: HOW TO!!! Comprehensive list of articles for the newbie aquarist!!!***
Good luck.

 

[Waters40]

The biological filtration is achieved by either the live rock/sand in the DT (preferred...especially for reef tanks) or by using bio balls or some other filter material in the sump. This method will normally create a lot of Nitrates which are ok within reason in fish only tanks but can be harmful (in large amounts) in reef tanks.

 

[Dan_P]

I'm in the process of putting a 45g hex tank with 20g long sump together. I used to have a tank back in the mid 80's. Filtration I understood back then. My question is how the current sumps achieve this. Protein skimmers remove suspended matter. But what converts the amonia. We used to do this with under gravel filters or reverse flow thru sand beds or wet/dry drip system thru sand beds

The reverse UGF is still in use, one anyway. Paul B would love to share his success story with you or answer any questions.

Wet/dry filters have fallen out of favor. I have not thoroughly researched the topic, but my take on the story is if you don't do preventive maintenance on the bioballs some aquarists had trouble with large nitrate increases. Wet/dry still a viable methodology.

The biological filter these days resides in the sand, on live rock, and maybe any surface in the system.

The protein skimmer removes some dissolved organic compound and some particulates. Granular activated carbon removes more but it seems to be less sexy.

Then there are deep sand beds and refugiums which are extensions of the biological filter idea.

I have just scratched the surface. Read the stickies at the top of the forum. PM me if you need more information or leads to information.

Good luck!