I think it might be ok.
UV absorbing material is pretty inert. Titanium dioxide, Zinc oxide, long chain carbon compounds with lots of double bonds (oil and waxes).....
Titanium dioxide is completely inert. It's biocompatible, which is why people get titanium rods and stuff put in them when they have badly broken bones.
Zinc oxide.... especially in a basic solution isn't soluble and just drifts to the bottom of the ocean.
Organic UV blockers might be a bit more troublesome, but luckily there's some impediments to them becoming an issue. First, they aren't really soluble in water, which is pretty much self explanatory.
Second, these lipids are different then the bottle of cooking oil in your kitchen. These lipids are large molecules (19-20 carbon molcules in length), and they actually sink, rather then float, especially when blended with The inorganic mentioned above...
These two characteristics means that, when taken in tandem, organic UV absorbing material either stick to the person putting it on (because people have oily skin), or it sinks to the bottom of the ocean.
If you can put a lipid into contact with a soil or sand substrate, it can be broken down through bacterial action, and the micro organisms in the ocean probably enjoy the extra carbon, considering they're bombarded with nitrogenous waste from all the discarded hair and skin cells.
Carbon dosing works for a reason ya?
The carrier lotion might be more the issue, but, depending on the formulation, it's not impossible to work around that. Avoid using sunscreens that use lighter oils, so that they don't float on the water.