What is a closed looped system?

it's a method used to add flow to a system without using powerheads.
usually it involves two or more holes drilled in the tank to which either end of an external pump is plumbed so that water flows out of the tank from one hole and back into it through one or more others. it doesn't flow through any other part of the system nor is it exposed to filtration or air at any point, hence the term "closed" loop.
 
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