Acidic Ocean

<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14733674#post14733674 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by pfish
This discussion reminds me of one we had in a environmental science class in 1978. The teacher asked the class what they thought the future held for us. This was during the cold war so of course everyone thought we would be blown up by nuclear war.

Which was a legitimate possibility at the time, and certainly will be one if some of our less friendly neighbors get nuclear weapons, or some of the governments that have them become destabilized (e.g., Pakistan). It’s certainly not a 50:50 possibility, but it’s a lot higher than zero ;)

<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14733674#post14733674 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by pfish
Malthusian theory was popular so we were all going to starve,

Look at the genocide in Rwanda, look at the genocide in Sudan, look at the famine in North Korea, the famine in China, the numerous famines in Africa. All of these have occurred in the last 30 yrs, all of them associated with overpopulation and reduced agricultural production.

<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14733674#post14733674 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by pfish
and of course the next global ice age was coming so we were going to freeze.

A few magazines and newspapers gave that impression, but not based on the science of the time. Based on the understanding at the time, the next ice age was expected to begin in ~20,000 yrs at the timeâ€"hardly a pressing issue. With a more refined understanding today, we’d expect the next ice age to start slightly sooner: about 16,000 yrs from now. Of course, that’s what would happen without a big perturbation to the climate system, such as we are causing.

<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14733674#post14733674 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by pfish
There wasn't a optimist in the class.

I wasn’t there, so certainly can’t speak for what went on in the class, but it makes me curious about how we define optimism, realism, and pessimism, and how we balance those in practice. Overall I see myself as optimistic. However, if we allow optimism to cloud our picture of reality too much we are no longer optimists: we are delusional ;)

<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14733674#post14733674 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by pfish
Well, we're still here so I hope you can excuse my skepticism.

Skepticism is wonderful, and is how we really need to approach all important issues. Skepticism, however, is a way of analyzing claims, NOT opposition to an issue. The skeptic demands robust evidence in order to accept a claim. I’m a rabid skeptic, and that’s why I accept the evidence that demonstrates the effects of human activities on climate, on ocean chemistry, and the implications therein. It’s because I’m a skeptic that I can confidently accept these premises.

Chris
 
Well, we better hope some of those models are off a bit. Even if we do exactly as the IPCC wants us to do all we will accomplish is slowing down the warming that they predict, at huge costs.
I must disagree with you on world wide famine. The green revolution has supplied an abundance of food, unfortunately the supply system gets screwed up by politics and war.
 
<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14734212#post14734212 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by pfish
Well, we better hope some of those models are off a bit. Even if we do exactly as the IPCC wants us to do all we will accomplish is slowing down the warming that they predict, at huge costs.
I must disagree with you on world wide famine. The green revolution has supplied an abundance of food, unfortunately the supply system gets screwed up by politics and war.

Most models in the center of the predictions still allow for relatively minor and manageable enviromental change if carbon outputs are cut and cut soon. The problem is that many will not believe there is a reason to change until it really is too late.

I will agree that the vast majority of famines have been political or in some way man made. We are however producing food at nonsustainable levels in many areas. You can get more food through irrigation but eventually end up with salinized soil that will no longer produce any food. We have been able to keep pace with burgeoning populations by increased yeilds through human ingenuity. I think that there will continue to be increases because of this but I think there is an absolute maximum on what can be produced at some point.
 
<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14734212#post14734212 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by pfish
Well, we better hope some of those models are off a bit. Even if we do exactly as the IPCC wants us to do all we will accomplish is slowing down the warming that they predict, at huge costs.

That's like saying, we had better hope that physicists are wrong about what will happen to us if we crash into a brick wall at 70 mph, and that all mitigation will do is slow us down when we hit the wall.

Hitting the wall at 5 mph will give you a good thud; hitting it at 10 mph will probably injure you; hitting it at 70 mph, well, we know what would happen ;)

As for huge costs being required for mitigation, that's simply not true. Under the most expensive mitigation options being considered the total cost is <0.12% of GDP growth per year, or <3% over the course of 50 yrs. The cost of adaptation without mitigation is estimated at 5-20% of GDP per year (see the Stern report, for example). Adaptation is far, far more expensive than mitigation. It's rather like the difference between taking out a loan from parents with 1% interest and taking one out from a loan shark with 100% interest.

Of course, those estimates can't and don't factor in the cost of human suffering associted with that decrease in productivity. A large decline in productivity hurts more than just the pocket book.

<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14734212#post14734212 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by pfish
I must disagree with you on world wide famine.

I didn't say famine would be worldwide. Rather, under an adaptation scenario, it will become far more common. Even in richer parts of the world food security will become an issue, though not necessarily outright famine.

<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14734212#post14734212 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by pfish
The green revolution has supplied an abundance of food, unfortunately the supply system gets screwed up by politics and war.

The world grain supply shrunk by half from 1999 to 2008. In 1999 we had enough grain reserves to feed the entire world population for 119 days. In 2008 the supply had shrunk to the lowest level in the 47 yrs records have been kept at only 53 days. The decrease is primarily due to falling rates of production due to drought in the major grain producing parts of the world, at least some of which can be attributed to climate change.

Almost all of the world's fisheries are declining, have been for decaded, or have already collapsed--very few are being managed sustainably.

The data are not in keeping with a growing or endless food supply. As above, if we go with adaptation instead of mitigation, famine and reduced food security are going to be far more common.

Chris
 
Quote...Look at the genocide in Rwanda, look at the genocide in Sudan, look at the famine in North Korea, the famine in China, the numerous famines in Africa. All of these have occurred in the last 30 yrs, all of them associated with overpopulation and reduced agricultural production...Quote

Sir…This is a direct result of corrupt governments. Can you name the persons in charge of those countries? Can you say how many they have killed? ...you don't want to know. This is not about Politics this thread is about CO2 and acidifaction of our reefs.

Overpopulation is relative to a region. We have plenty of food to feed the world. We also have government programs to grow less food. Opera has a farm to lower her taxes. I might be wrong but I don’t think she’s a good farmer.

Bill
 
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Another affect on the ocean from rising CO2 levels...


Ice-free Arctic Ocean Possible In 30 Years, Not 90 As Previously Estimated

ScienceDaily (Apr. 3, 2009) â€" A nearly ice-free Arctic Ocean in the summer may happen three times sooner than scientists have estimated. New research says the Arctic might lose most of its ice cover in summer in as few as 30 years instead of the end of the century.

The amount of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice at the end of summer by then could be only about 1 million square kilometers, or about 620,000 square miles. That's compared to today's ice extent of 4.6 million square kilometers, or 2.8 million square miles. So much more open water could be a boon for shipping and for extracting minerals and oil from the seabed, but it raises the question of ecosystem upheaval.

While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007 assessed what might happen in the Arctic in the future based on results from more than a dozen global climate models, two researchers reasoned that dramatic declines in the extent of ice at the end of summer in 2007 and 2008 called for a different approach.

Out of the 23 models now available, the new projections are based on the six most suited for assessing sea ice, according to Muyin Wang, a University of Washington climate scientist with the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean based at the UW, and James Overland, an oceanographer with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle. Wang is lead author and Overland is co-author of a paper being published April 3 by the American Geophysical Union's Geophysical Research Letters.

Wang and Overland sought models that best matched what has actually happened in recent years, because, "if a model can't do today's conditions well, how can you trust its future predictions?" Wang says. Among the models eliminated were those showing too little ice or too much compared to conditions that have occurred.

Models also were chosen that are able to reflect the difference between summer and winter ice packs, which demonstrates a model's ability to take into account changing amounts of solar radiation from summer to winter, Wang says.

Among the six fitting the researchers' criteria, three have sophisticated sea-ice physics and dynamics capabilities.

Once the extent of ice at the end of summer drops to 4.6 million square kilometers -- it was actually 4.3 million square kilometers in 2007 and 4.7 million in 2008 -- all six models show rapid sea-ice declines. Averaged together the models point to a nearly ice-free Arctic in 32 years, with some of the models putting the event as early as 11 years from now.

"In recent years the combination of unusual warm temperatures from natural causes and the global warming signal have worked together to provide an earlier summer sea-ice loss than was predicted when scientists considered the effects from human-caused carbon dioxide alone," says Overland, who is also an affiliate UW professor of atmospheric sciences.

"The uncertainty in future timing for a September sea-ice free Arctic is strongly influenced by the chaotic nature of natural variability," the authors write in the paper. Still, "the one climate realization that we are living through appears to be a fast track for September sea ice loss," they write.

Scientists don't expect the Arctic to be totally ice free, figuring that ice still will be found along northern Canada and Greenland where powerful winds sweeping across the Arctic Ocean force ice layers to slide on top of each other, making for a very thick ice cover.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration funded the work.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090402143752.htm
 
Good find Megalodon,
yep, true... (in my professional opinion). It has been generally accepted (for the last 2 years) that there is the high likelihood of (relatively) ice free summers (May/June through October) by the early points of the midcentury. Please not that there will be significant winter ice, the trick is that there are melting differences between one-year ice and multi-year ice. The decreasing multi-year ice is what is making the possibility of open ocean more plausible.

Actually, my research was based on the lack of ice (seasonally) by the year 2040 for my shipping projections. Can you imagine the shift in the global trade routes as a result of the NW passage. Think of the local/arctic ecosystems that will be affected. This is why you need transportation planners.

Ahhh arctic shipping, been there, done that, have a conference presentation/proceedings publication out of it... still waiting for a tshirt.
 
I know the arctic has thawed before, but what caused it to happen in all the other past events? Super volcanoes, super-novas, sun activity?
 
<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14733974#post14733974 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by MCsaxmaster
Which was a legitimate possibility at the time, and certainly will be one if some of our less friendly neighbors get nuclear weapons, or some of the governments that have them become destabilized (e.g., Pakistan). It’s certainly not a 50:50 possibility, but it’s a lot higher than zero ;)



Look at the genocide in Rwanda, look at the genocide in Sudan, look at the famine in North Korea, the famine in China, the numerous famines in Africa. All of these have occurred in the last 30 yrs, all of them associated with overpopulation and reduced agricultural production.


Chris


Its more about the corrupt leaders who cause these problems. Do you’re home work. The famine in China was political. The famine in Ethiopia was political. North Korea come on maybe Jane Fonda could have helped. The Genocide in Africa was political... Just The Facts

Over population? Come on

Europe is not meeting its quota of new births to support Their retirement...The FSU has even had a holiday to get close :smokin:

Please stop drinking the cool aide and look at the facts.

Been there done that...Seen a lot

Bill
 
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Previous arctic thawing and refreezing is likely the result of thermal changes in the polar regions (duh)... but I wonder what were the CO2 (and other atmospheric gas levels) levels during the previous eras in order to determine a tipping point for arctic conditions.

All politics are acts of corruption... it is just socially constructed as of which ones are acceptable and which are not. Those who are saying "don't/stop drinking the cool aide" are those who drink HiC... different color, same flavors :rollface:

The only thing that is not socially constructed (within a reasonable limit) is that in which we record/observe, social construction happens when we place meaning on observations. I know that some of y'all science folks don't deal with (academic) ideology much as y'all are just a bunch of positivists :D but there can be many interpretations about climate change (social constructionist approach) and therefore many perceived consequences, but the data/variables can be more constant. We can observe and predicts significant changes, and now we have to address it. Next...:rollface:
 
<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14757512#post14757512 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by wld1783
Its more about the corrupt leaders who cause these problems. Do you’re home work. The famine in China was political. The famine in Ethiopia was political. North Korea come on maybe Jane Fonda could have helped. The Genocide in Africa was political... Just The Facts

Over population? Come on

Europe is not meeting its quota of new births to support Their retirement...The FSU has even had a holiday to get close :smokin:

Please stop drinking the cool aide and look at the facts.

Been there done that...Seen a lot

Bill

I will agree that all or nearly all famines have been between partially and mostly caused by political factors.

But if you don't think the world as a whole is getting dangerously overpopulated you need to seriously check what's in your Kool aid. Yes Europe is not rapidly growing but much of the world is. Look at the facts.
 
Wow, I'm way behind because of work, but...
I'm concerned that world governments are about to spend untold trillions on lowering co2 production in order to just slow down the predicted global warming effects, not stop them.
There are additional impacts already locked in for years to come even if we were to stop producing CO2 today. However, the eventual impacts are not the same regardless of when we stop producing CO2.

The costs associated with adaptation are dependent on how severe the changes are, which is dependent on how soon we address the issue.

Also, mitigation vs. adaptation is a false dichotomy. Whether we do it now or later, the cost of the transition away from fossil fuels is one that has to be paid eventually. The direct cost of doing it now vs later may be slightly more, but it's not a cost that can be avoided altogether. The indirect cost due to expense of adaptation only increases the longer we wait though.

To say we are over populating the world is ignoring the fact that the FSU (Russia) has recognized the problem of fewer births and endorsed a national holiday to endorse "close contact".
Did they have this holiday because they had too much food? Too much energy? Too much land? Too much water? No. They had it for political reasons that had absolutely nothing to do with sustainability of global populations. Yes, Russia's (and Europe's) population has been declining. Global population has not.

Similarly, the inability for a country to pay retirement benefits due to reduced population growth is a political/economic issue, not one of sustainability of global resources.

Simply follow the money, who did not turn off his lights for one hour? Unfortunately it was someone big with an agenda. The proof is in the pudding. We all must walk the talk.
Excuse my skepticism (meaning I don't accept claims at face value without substantial evidence), but you made a claim, now show us the evidence. The money trail should be a pretty big one since it apparently involves almost all of the world's governments and tens of thousands of scientists.

Show us how climate scientists are gaming the system. Show us how much more funding an established scientist can rake in by investigating climate change vs. other climate related research, especially how the degree of "alarmism" affects funding. Don't forget to investigate the other side of the "debate" though. Show us their great grant proposals that have been declined because they don't fall in line with the consensus view. Show us how much is being spent by lobbying groups for both sides. If there really is some gravy train in climate science where a few lies to the grant review boards will net you funding, I want a piece of the action because in my line of work it doesn't work that way.

In any event, funding or motivation isn't how science is evaluated, which is beside the fact that Al Gore has absolutely nothing to do with the state of the science anyway. Even if he or an actual mainstream climate scientist came out tomorrow and said their motivation was just to get rich and create a world nazi government, reality would be completely unaffected and the evidence of AGW would be no less reliable.

If you want to evaluate the science, looking at the actual science (as opposed to press releases, news articles, or blog and forum posts) is a good start, but you evaluate it by asking-
1) Is the method that was used sound and applied correctly? Where there are errors, artifacts, or limitations, how do does accounting for them affect the conclusion?
2) Does the conclusion of the work follow from the results? Is it logically sound?
3) Are alternate explanations considered and if any are discounted, is this justified?
4) How does the current study relate to previous work? Does it support earlier work or are there conflicts? Where there are conflicts, can they be explained? Where conflicts can't be reconciled, which hypothesis is better supported by the balance of all other evidence?

These are the questions scientists ask when they're reading or reviewing other scientists' work.

Apply them to the arguments you're bringing up and prove to us that you're actually applying some true skepticism rather than ideology.

To have a knee jerk reaction to what a portion not a consensus of the scientific community believe is irresponsible.
30 years of inaction is hardly a knee jerk reaction. Also, I think you're going to have to define consensus and scientific community for us. Do you include tv weathermen, economists, and experts in "orgone energy" and dowsing in the scientific community or only those people who have actually performed research and published in climate science?

If it's the former, you have a pretty broad definition and you include people with very little basis for evaluating the evidence- people who have made names for themselves disputing the links betwen HIV and AIDS or smoking and cancer, as well as the previously mentioned experts on non-existent energy forms (all real examples included on list of "scientists who dissent over man-made warming claims").

If you look only at those that actually study and publish in climate science you find that only around 3% express personal disagreement with the consensus view. See here: http://tigger.uic.edu/~pdoran/012009_Doran_final.pdf and here: http://www.eecg.utoronto.ca/~prall/climate/climate_authors_table.html

However, if you look at the actual published literature, there is virtually none that disagrees with the consensus view. See here: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/306/5702/1686
The discrepancy is at least partly due to researchers like John Christy who express personal disagreement with the consensus, but whose work doesn't directly challenge the consensus- yet they don't claim that biased peer review is preventing their dissent from being heard.

If you visited 100 specialists and 97 of them tell you that they're more than 90% certain (the certainty reflected in the IPCC consensus view) you had cancer that required immediate action who do you listen to? The 3 that say you're healthy or that there's too much uncertainty to risk surgery or chemo? Or do you listen to the 97 that agree that there's a serious problem- even though it's not unanimous?

In all fairness, is there any "anti-climate change" (man or natural causes) peer reviewed journal articles.
Sort of.

There are scientists like John Christy who personally disagree with the consensus view, but whose work doesn't- though media statements on their work sometimes claim that it does. For example, Christy and crew published a couple of papers about the discrepancy between predicted and observed tropospheric trends. They were accompanied by media statements to the effect that they show how the models fail to match reality and were touted as "stakes through the heart of AGW." The first one actually ended up showing significant errors in the satellite calibration rather than the models and the second one showed that the discrepancy between observations and predictions was within the uncertainty ranges.

Then there have been several true "anti-consensus" papers published in Energy and Environment by many of the most prominent denialists. One of the highest profile publications for denialists, where McIntyre and McKitrick point out statistical limitations in the methods behind the "hockey stick graph" was published in E and E. The journal is peer reviewed, but isn't ISI cataloged so doesn't show up in analyses like Oreskes' and isn't considered a major journal. It's also notorious for publishing work of questionable quality which the editor has publicly acknowledged is due to her political agenda.

Then there's Gerlich and Tschneuschner, who published their mental masturbation on why it's theoretically impossible for greenhouse gases to warm the planet in the International Journal of Modern Physics. Their argument ignores direct observation and argues against some basic physics. Still, it was published not only in a peer reviewed ISI journal, but they were actually invited to submit it. However, the journal's impact ratings (based on citations) are well below average, ranking it near the bottom for journals in the field and even well below Scientific American which is a pop-sci magazine.
 
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<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=14788198#post14788198 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by greenbean36191
Sort of.

There are scientists like John Christy who personally disagree with the consensus view, but whose work doesn't- though media statements on their work sometimes claim that it does. For example, Christy and crew published a couple of papers about the discrepancy between predicted and observed tropospheric trends. They were accompanied by media statements to the effect that they show how the models fail to match reality and were touted as "stakes through the heart of AGW." The first one actually ended up showing significant errors in the satellite calibration rather than the models and the second one showed that the discrepancy between observations and predictions was within the uncertainty ranges.

Then there have been several true "anti-consensus" papers published in Energy and Environment by many of the most prominent denialists. One of the highest profile publications for denialists, where McIntyre and McKitrick point out statistical limitations in the methods behind the "hockey stick graph" was published in E and E. The journal is peer reviewed, but isn't ISI cataloged so doesn't show up in analyses like Oreskes' and isn't considered a major journal. It's also notorious for publishing work of questionable quality which the editor has publicly acknowledged is due to her political agenda.

Then there's Gerlich and Tschneuschner, who published their mental masturbation on why it's theoretically impossible for greenhouse gases to warm the planet in the International Journal of Modern Physics. Their argument ignores direct observation and argues against some basic physics. Still, it was published not only in a peer reviewed ISI journal, but they were actually invited to submit it. However, the journal's impact ratings (based on citations) are well below average, ranking it near the bottom for journals in the field and even well below Scientific American which is a pop-sci magazine.

Thanks, I had to post/ask for "anti-literature" just in fairness. My research could not find anything that was relevant to include in my literature review. I think I have seen Christy's work, but I would not necessary conclude that it is an antipaper even with researcher bias.

In any case, it was a good read.

Pfish, Consensus means a lot within all branches of academia.... just that it is rarer to find total consensus, which normally remains mostly within positivist fields of science. As a result, consensus regarding climate change is a big deal.

Now, the whole "theory" thing is a difficult subject. There are metacognitive differences between the term theory within the various academic subject. (Just like the concepts of "compare and contrast" means two different things between biologists and literature scholars). Theory can mean several things, so folks don't bust my chops if I fail to include one approach/definition. Now, for some reason, the lay terminology of "theory" can mean that it is not fact or law. Many anti-evolutionists use this argument, but that is just a good rhetorical argument as it twists/uses different definitions to confuse and hopefully convince an audience.... but that is just sophistry in the end. The more academic approaches to theory can be as complex (and this serves into the lay concept that there is inaccuracy within the therm "theory). A basic academic use of theory is that a theory organizes and creates order for laws and facts if the discipline uses a more positivist approach. In this case, the theory of evolution give a framework/lens in to approaching a subject's observations and accepted laws such as climate change or evolution. As it is said many times, there is really no decent was of understanding biological observations and determine meaning without evolution. Now, "theory" becomes more difficult within the social sciences since (IMO) there are more variables... aka human freewill and that behavior is not uniform or constant. Once again, theory frames the observations and approach, but these theories often have many counterparts and debates. My own personal favorite, social construction, stemming from the post-modern approach filters my observation and how I approach the academic community, and therefore "color" my findings.

So consensus is particularly important for theories... mostly for adoption. Frameworks are judged, assessed, and adopted by various academic communities. Theories are looser in social sciences due to complex variables, while positivist sciences normally keep legitimate theories very strong. Theories change in the positivist community when the facts do not fit/mesh with the framework... like the various amounts of evidence that did not fit with traditional creationism or earth-centric solar system. If the data and observation of earth's climate changed, then the academic accepted theories will be revised. However, appeals to ignorance will never merit the debunking of any positivist theory, and will not fair well in any academic approach. The appeal to ignorance is primary the CC deniers... and a sore spot within those who do seek facts and truth. The evidence is strong within the human sourced climate change community, and it is unlikely that the "theory" will change. Although, I would not consider climate change a theory, but more of an observation. The human-sourced climate change may be a theory depending on the academic approach, but I would consider it also an observation. As a result, there is another framework that is defining the climate change argument which accounts for the theory. I think the theory is that human activity can/will have an effect on a given aspect of the earth's ecology/chemistry/biology/ect...or that the earth's climate is not stable, uniform, or constant over time. If some of the biologist could fill me into the "theory" that is driving the climate change, I would be obliged to hear about.

PCR
 
It only takes one person to prove the consensus is crap. Read up on Albert Einstein. The consensus was totally against his theory of relativity. Comparing climate science to evolution is a stretch.
 
I was using evolution to clarify the concept of "theory" since it is a recognizable example with many confusions. However, dominant theoretical frameworks both enlighten and constrain various fields, including both biology and climatology. As you state, comparing climate science and evolution is a stretch because evolution is primary a theoretical framework (although there are "subfields that deal with strictly studying the concepts and mechanisms of evolution... but I digress) and "climate science" is a field of study. I was not making that comparison.

On the other hand, Einstein was working within the existing scientific community. Yes, Einstein had help. Its true that he significantly contributed, shifted, and modified many existing scientific areas as well as formed new theories. The trick is that he was acting on observations and provided the framework for turning the observations into a means of understanding. If I am correct, there are new theories that have corrected/modified/trumped some of Einstein's initial theories. However, the full adoption of some of his theories were not validated till many years later, but that was more of a result of better observations, it was not necessary dismissed either.

The concept of the "rogue" academic, scholar, scientist is not as prevalent than one may think. The academics require a community. There are those fringe individuals, but there is normally a reason. Also there are a lot of kooks and others with political agendas such as the authors (some of those mentioned by greenbean and others here) that spout off gibberish and expect people to take them seriously. These acts of sophistry (hopefully) will not convince the academic community.

As far as folks who contributed to a paradigm shift, as pfish indirectly suggested, there are many individuals who cause a shift within their field but most (I am betting all) can trace their roots to previous scholarly/scientific work; Foucault, Marx, Nietzsche, Castells, Mumford, ect... (Maybe one could consider it academic evolution although I hesitate to use the concepts of evolution outside of the biological sciences due to social havoc).
 
It only takes one person to prove the consensus is crap. Read up on Albert Einstein. The consensus was totally against his theory of relativity.
Eh... no. That's not how science works and it's quite a stretch to say there was a consensus against relativity. I think what PCR was trying to explain is why this is wrong.

The consensus exists because of an overwhelming body of evidence. To overturn the consensus would require someone to show how all current understanding could be better explained by another mechanism.

Now in science there are hypotheses which are educated guesses seeking to explain observations of phenomena. The basis of science is disproving competing hypotheses until only the most plausible remains. Hypotheses are NEVER proved and NEVER become laws or theories. They simply become more robust hypotheses as attempts to falsify them fail. Lone scientists regularly overturn hypotheses.

Scientific laws are not the ultimate level of certainty. They can only be used to explain simple phenomena that can be expressed mathematically. Complex phenomena never become laws regardless of how certain they are.

The highest degree of certainty in science is theory- they are not hunches, educated guesses, or wild ideas. Theories are unifying concepts that bring together all of the observed facts, and all of the laws and well-supported hypotheses governing them together in a parsimonious explanation (more on parsimony later). By their very nature theories are almost never overturned, though they're regularly modified to better fit with observations. To overturn a theory requires that several central hypotheses or laws be completely overturned. It almost never happens, much less by the hand of a lone scientist.

Einstein was no exception. He overturned a hypothesis. It was long known that Newtonian physics was flawed and there were attempts to explain it better by assuming some ether that carried light. There wasn't evidence for the ether, it was just assumed because there was no better explanation. Einstein offered an explanation that better fit the evidence without assuming there was an ether. That is parsimony, a concept that deniers tend to have a poor grasp of- the best explanation is the one that best explains all of the evidence and assumes the least. Also, it's important to point out that despite doing away with the hypothetical ether, which many scientists had spent their life working on, Einstein's work was quick to gain acceptance from his peers because it worked where theirs failed.

And how is all of this relevant to anthropogenic climate change? Well it's not really. There is no "AGW theory" or hypothesis just as there is no "apples fall from trees theory." The concern is based on what other theories and laws tell us, particularly with regard to chemistry and physics.

So to go back to the bullet points format, if a single scientist wanted to disprove the consensus they would have to prove a few of several key points while still remaining consistent with the full body of evidence.-
1. CO2 is not a greenhouse gas or is counterbalanced by an equally strong negative forcing.
2. Sensitivity is much less than 2 deg C per doubling of CO2.
3. Where is all of our CO2 going, what other source recently started emitting at roughly the same pace as us, and why does it have a signature that matches what would be expected from our output?

There is no such hypothesis or theory that even comes close to explaining any of the 3 better than the consensus, which is why it is the consensus. No one took a vote to decide "what should be the consensus?" It's the consensus because it's the explanation best supported by the evidence and it's an overwhelming consensus because it's overwhelmingly supported by the evidence.
 
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The work of science has nothing whatever to do with consensus. Consensus is the business of politics. Science, on the contrary, requires only one investigator who happens to be right, (Einstein being one) which means that he or she has results that are verifiable by reference to the real world. In science consensus is irrelevant. What is relevant is reproducible results. The greatest scientists in history are great precisely because they broke with the consensus.
"To reduce modern climate change to one variable, CO2, or a small proportion of one variable - human-induced CO2 - is not science. To try to predict the future based on just one variable (CO2) in extraordinarily complex natural systems is folly. Yet when astronomers have the temerity to show that climate is driven by solar activities rather than CO2 emissions, they are dismissed as dinosaurs undertaking the methods of old-fashioned science."
The hypothesis that human activity can create global warming is extraordinary because it is contrary to validated knowledge from solar physics, astronomy, history, archaeology and geology. "But evidence no longer matters. And any contrary work published in peer-reviewed journals is just ignored. We are told that the science on human-induced global warming is settled. Yet the claim by some scientists that the threat of human-induced global warming is 90 per cent certain (or even 99 per cent) is a figure of speech. It has no mathematical or evidential basis."
Quotes from Ian Plimer
Ian R. Plimer Ph.D. is an Australian geologist and academic. He is a prominent critic of creationism and of the theory of human-induced global warming. He has published over 120 academic papers and six books.

Plimer is currently Professor of Mining Geology at the University of Adelaide. He was previously a Professor in the School of Earth Sciences at the University of Melbourne. He is also a prominent member of the Australian Skeptics. He was awarded the Clarke Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales in 2004.
 
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