Making corals colorful seems like it should be easy, but it's really not. . . . I know thats obvious, right? . . .
Anyways, my point is: Precision is key. All these parameters must be precise and constant:
1) nitrate < 0.3 ppm
2 phosphate = 0
3) alkalinity 7-8 dKH
4) salinity 35ppm(1.0264)
5) calcium 410 to 450
6) magnesium 1200 to 1400
7) temperature 77 to 82 but the steadier the better
In your case I see two immediate issues. First, the presence of algae on your sand is telling you that you have excess nitrate. Secondly, the API nitrate test kit is not sensitive enough for you to check your nitrates accurately. The trick is finding a way to lower your nitrate that works for your budget and time allowance. Ideally the balance in your reef is enough by itself to control nitrate, but sometimes that isn't the case and when that happens you need to find a system to help lower your nitrates. Things like bioballs, biopellets, zeovit, vodka dosing etc. are all proven methods of reducing nitrates. Personally I found that the
Red Sea Algae Management System was affordable and easy to understand, and the test kit is accurate to 0.25 ppm nitrate.
Whatever method you choose, being methodical and keeping good records is definitely a requirement. Otherwise you are simply throwing random changes at your reef and can never be sure of what is causing what.
So just one guys advice.
1) Keep a twice daily log of the tank temperature.
2) Keep a weekly log of all the big parameters. dKH, Ca, NO3, PO4, Salinity.
3) Make changes one at a time to lock in any parameters that are not correct or steady.
THEN . . . when everything is stable and you have no nuisance algae . . . then you can look at your corals and if they are still brown you can start thinking about new T5 lamps or a brighter fixture, but that would be at least 2 months later.
Here's one of my favorite examples of the power of constant parameters and clean water, and here's what he said when asked about his clean sand
there is no mystery, I just rely on good quality water osmosis (RO unit+ DI postfilter), low biological load and above all a good biological balance of the aquarium .... not just about maintaining low nutrients, but do so without causing any imbalance in the aquarium.
Also I have some beach cleaners, cerith, columbellas and sand dollar but the truth is that they have little to clean.