The water change could have pushed it, depending on how you mix up the water. I know people that toss in a powerhead for a few hours and do the change. I know others that mix it with a huge pump and a very large air bubbler for days before using it.
So if that water change was low in O2, perhaps that, combined with the other factors started the chain reaction. Night falls, O2 levels naturally fall in the tank...being depressed a little further by the water change water....
There is going to be no sure fire way to know for sure without use of a Way-Back machine but I think your system was walking a fine line and something pushed it over the edge.
Tonight, at the same time roughly, take a glass of water from the tank...Measure its' pH (BTW, are you using a meter or test kits?).
Then, take that glass and put it outside on the porch with an airpump and an airstone in it, plug it in for 30 minutes.
Retest the pH. Any different?
This is no longer a perfect test since 4 of your large animals are gone from the system but it might help give you an idea.