I think it's also important to mention that you're nowhere near the absolute top "temperature threshold". You can run a tank safely up to 84 regularly, 86 I believe is where things start to become problematic.
Part of the reason why people run their tanks on the cooler side is that it's convenient in cooler climates, and also for margin of safety, keeping their tank further away from 86. If you keep your tank at 78 normally, and your AC goes out, you probably have a few dozen hours before you hit 86 on a normal day. If you keep your tank at 83, your margin of error is much closer.
It's also worse to be fluctuating temps than it is to run the tank at a high temperature. If you can consistently keep the tank at 82, it's not a big deal (my tank frequently hits that during the day, and 78-79 at night).
The temps probably didn't kill the frogspawn either. You are right, it was probably struggling. I'd look closer at parameters and how consistent they are (and how you're measuring them). I have to also imagine it likely has to do with tank maturity as well.