If you really wanted to get rid of the restrictions in the drain line ditch the tee's completely. Have plumbing come from bulkhead to flex PVC and dump into the right side of the sump, you would have no 90s or other fittings to add restriction. You can then Tee off of the dart to dump into the refugium and whatever you have the right pink line doing. In the perfect world it would be nice to have the refugium fed with straight tank water but I bet the amount of flow going through the sump versus GPH that go through the skimmer would prove that plenty of unskimmed water will end up going through the dart to the refugium. Haveing these tees off of the supply line will also reduce the amount of flow going from the dart to tank, thus reliveing some of the GPH that must go through the overflows.......... FYI Aquatic Eco sells bulkheads that have threads on the inside of the top and bottom side.
The flushing gurgle sound has always been solved for me by running airline down the durso, may need to lines run into it and might have to try different lengths to get it right. Im still tweaking my 180 but so far it hasnt been bad with the dart.