Given the highlighted numbers below, perhaps this may work out to a maximum dose for acetate. If these numbers were converted to ppm vinegar, it may be more helpful for hobbyists to relate. A dosing strucutre may be initiated according to this data?
Help!!!! :lol:
Engineering aspects and practical application of autotrophic nitrogen removal
from nitrogen rich streams (2010)
Stijn W.H. Van Hullea,b,∗, Helge J.P. Vandeweyerb, Boudewijn D. Meesschaertc,
Peter A. Vanrolleghema,d, Pascal Dejansb, Ann Dumoulinb
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=...wc23Bw&usg=AFQjCNEy6OfxNdg9djkbvJ1XOUD0Lj24Fw
From it in part:
"Recent studies observed that some organic carbon sources do
not have an inhibition effect on the Anammox acitivity. Kartal et
al. [120] reported that Candidatus Brocadia fulgida and Candidatus
Anammoxoglobus propionicus are able to oxidize acetate and
propionate, respectively. Experiments by Güven et al. [115] with
propionate as carbon source showed thatAnammoxorganisms oxidized
propionate with nitrate and/or nitrite as electron acceptor
and simultaneously converted ammonia anoxically. The amount of
Anammox bacteria and denitrifiers did not change over time, suggesting
that Anammox organisms are indeed able to compete with
heterotrophic denitrifiers for propionate. Awata et al. [122] used
batch test to investigate the ammonium removal and the carbon
incorporation by the Anammox bacteria in the presence of short
chain fatty acids present in digestor liquor such as acetate, formate
and propionate. They found that propionate did not influence
the ammonium removal activity but decreased the incorporation
of inorganic carbon. Acetate showed no inhibition in ammonium
removal and inorganic carbon incorporation while formate inhibited
the Anammox process in the two aspects. It is not yet known
whether the Anammox bacteria incorporate acetate directly or
indirectly. It could be possible that the CO2 used by Anammox was
derived from denitrification with organic matter such as acetate.
Experiments with Anammox cultures in batch experiments by van
de Graaf et al. [83] showed that carbon sources such as acetate and
glucose had a positive effect on Anammox activity.
The continuous
experiments however, fed with acetate, glucose and formate
showed a negative effect on Anammox activity [83]. Dapena-Mora
et al. [102] used batch tests to observe the effect of inhibition effects
on the Anammox performance. They found that concentrations of
50mM acetate resulted in 70% inhibition of the Anammox process
while a concentration up to 10mM did not decrease the activity
significantly [102]."
"Mosquera-Corral et al. [73] observed stimulation of the ammonia
oxidation in the SHARON-process when acetate as carbon
source was fed in a 0.2gCgN−1 ratio leading to an effluent with
nitrite to ammonia molar ratios higher than the stoichiometric ones.
On the other hand, an inhibitory effect of ammonia oxidizing
activity of 10% was observed when 0.3gCgN−1 was brought into
the reactor. Hanaki et al. [49] suggested that this inhibition was
caused by a decreasing affinity of ammonia oxidizers for ammonia.
One possible explanation is that the transport of ammonia from
the bulk water phase to the cell of the ammonia oxidizer could
be hindered by the presence of the crowded cells of heterotrophs
which assimilate the ammonia and consume the oxygen before
it reaches the nitrifiers. However, Hanaki et al. [49] found that
for the same SRT, the ammonia oxidation efficiency decreased at
higher COD concentrations but at a constant COD concentration
efficiency restored again by increasing the SRT. Therefore, a moderate
increase of the SRT to 2–3 days could be a possible solution
to minimize the effect of heterotrophs on the ammonia oxidation."
