Well, provided you're talking about a damsel fish, there are absolutely no guarantees that your peacock won't eat it. It's a little less likely to go after fish than a spearer, but they're pretty opportunistic.
There are a number of stories on here about mantises going after and eating fish -- and a good number of them being "buddies" with a fish, or at least tolerating them. It's a toss up.
They may also coexist for a period of time, then one day the peacock is feeling in the mood for sushi and your damsel bites the dust. It's unpredictable. You're pretty much always taking SOME risk when placing a mantis and a fish together -- that's why cheap damsels are the most common fishy roommates with mantises....