Great discussion here!!!
I have to contribute to it. Here it goes:
Human population growth does add pressure to the food availability in general, which gives birth to increased fishing (i.e. over-fishing); the birth of genetically modified food; and, increased use of pesticides to ensure the gorwth and survival of food crops. There are many other problems caused by human population growth; however, I would like to concentrate on over-fishing considering I am a marine ecologist.
Over-fishing is a huge problem, there is no dount. But let's take a look at the major affects of over-fishing:
1) Changes the ocean habitat community - meaning the large fish (sharks, tuna, grouper, cod) that once dominated the fish communities around the world are depleting quickly due to their size and taste causing the dynamic of the fish community to change altering food webs and degrading habitat (I'm talking about trawling right now).;
2) Bycatch becomes a major problem - Other fish and species (including threatened species) are caught along with the targeted species (the species people want to eat) causing them to die or critically injured. Catching non-targeted species on a long line will cause less targeted species to be caught, which inturn, will increase the amount of time a fisherman will fish. Instead of setting out a trawl or long line only once, he/she will do it more than once because there aren't enough targeted fish caught. This will result in more bycatch during a vicious cycle.; and,
3) Habitat destruction - Trawls mostly run along the bottom of the Ocean to catch fish. Well, the habitat on the bottom of the Ocean is destroyed when a trawl net is dragged along. Loss of habitat could mean a los of shelter, spawning grounds, and food resources for other fish.
These problems can be solved. Marine Protected Areas have proven to be a great tool, once impolemented and enforced properly to protect fish and habitat. Other tools such as variations in fishing gear can help reduce bycatch. Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) are great for making sure Sea Turtles don't get caught in shrimp nets (when used properly) and the circle hook is a great device that allows marine mammals (whales and dolphins) to wiggle themselves off a hook in case they bite doen on some easy prey.
My point is to implement the tools out there that are available to decrease our effect on fish communities and the Ocean. Let's see how effective they are and move from there. It's easy to get caught up in the doom and gloom of marine conservation; however, the only way to change is to listen, learn, and act.
Just my 3 cents!
Andrew