Personally it looks like the top layer was blown away or siphoned. I say this because the diatoms are all around the pipe in the background and the layer of sand is slightly higher there around it..
Just an observation or maybe even the angle I am picturing it.
I had little tube worms like this also and when I moved a powerhead it created a small blowing effect and I saw about 100 of these after about an hour. Some were against the glass so I knew instantly what they were.
But again that is just a guess since I can not see the entire tank bed.
What happens if you disturb the sand near some.