Zebrasoma is my favorite tang genus! On top of being interesting and beautiful, they are well suited to captive life and are very hardy... I own many Zebrasoma, including Z. gemmatum, Z. rostratum, and the increasingly more common Z. rostratum/ Z. scopas hybrid mentioned in this thread...
What is it about the black tang that makes them so expensive?
To answer this question truly requires some explanation.
Black tangs actually have a pretty large geographical range, but within that range there is only one place that collects for the aquarium industry, and that is the small island of Kiritimati (the native's way of pronouncing "Christmas", its English name)... this island is large for a coral atoll (in fact the largest in the world), but still very small... smaller than the small Hawaiian island of Lanai! As with all other parts of the black tang's range, there is naturally a low population density... so, combine a small island with a special fish exported from nowhere else that is naturally rare at that location, and you get a fish with a very high export price out of Christmas...
The story of the black tang's price does not end there... ALL Christmas Island exports go to wholesalers in Hawaii... wholesalers can never get enough black tangs... Christmas exports many other fish in much higher numbers, with the most common being flame angels... Christmas flame angels are a bright red and in high demand, but they are exported by the hundreds to the thousands! Many Hawaiian wholesalers will order 200 and receive 500, or other numbers along those lines... and with those 500 flames they MAY get one black tang (maybe a bit more... and maybe NONE). So think... you're a Hawaiian fish wholesaler with hundreds to thousands of flame angels and other Christmas fish and a precious few black tangs... you could pretty much charge what you want for the black tangs... or more typically what happens is that you charge a reasonable amount and send them to the customers that are ordering those hundreds of flames you need to get rid of! So however you look at it... you are hearing "ka' ching" in the background...
So, the next stage in the game comes... that black tang goes from Hawaii to either a US mainland wholesaler (or elsewhere in the world), or a US LFS. So, now, instead of thinking like the Hawaiian wholesaler think like a mainland retail or wholesaler... you have that black tang you either paid through the nose for or bought hundreds of other things per one black tang... you have customers demanding black tangs as if they are being captive bred like guppies in some 3rd world island nation for a fraction of a penny... the result... you guessed it... "ka' ching"... supply demand my friend... that LFS that finally got a black tang made one customer happy, while the other seven or eight that were interested complained about the price...
Some other notes... the initial low population density of black tangs at Kiritimati has gotten lower... that is why the rarest black tang is the elusive medium black tang... nowadays we're seeing the full grown dinner plates or the first year drop little guys for the most part... this has also resulted in more of the rostratum population breeding into the scopas population, causing more hybridization than before me thinks... to explain this I will reference a to go nameless very well known ichthyologist friend of mine who broke down this hypothetical hybridization scenario for me over a beer... it's prehistoric Europe and you (a male H. sapiens) get caught up with a tribe of Neanderthals... at first they are strange to you and you go it alone... but after a while those Neanderthalic women start to grow on you to the point of... well... this being a family board... let's call it "hybridization"... change those circumstances to you being a black tang rather than a human, with the Neanderthals being the scopas tangs set in modern day Kiritimati and voila... hybridization!:uhoh2:
Samething that makes all the other fish in the hobby so expensive.
It it has a poor survival rate, and for example only 1 out of 20 imported make it, then the company will have to sell it for more since they lost so many.
Did you know the Gem tang is not rare AT ALL in some parts of africa?
Yes, were talking GEM TANG! In some areas you could put on a snorkel and literally be surrounded by them.
What makes them so expensive is that they are extremely hard to obtain a license/permit to collect them and import them.
Hmmm... I'm not sure where your information is coming from, but much of this is flat out wrong. Your 1 of 20 may be correct, but only if you mean 1 of 20 rostratum die, not live...
And this area you talk of where gemmatum surround you is unknown to both the aquarium industry and science... and while you are right about the permitting for gemmatum, it goes well beyond that...
Gemmatum is similar in many respects to rostratum, substituting Christmas Island for Mauritius... Mauritius is much larger and has a greater population density of gemmatum, but it is nothing like yellow tangs on the Kona Coast of Hawaii... that WILL swarm you in parts... but this is balanced out by the fact that the collectors in Mauritius are much less established than on Christmas, and it is more isolated relative to the United States... so keep in mind we are lucky as Americans when it comes to rostratum... a buddy of mine in Europe wholesales black tangs for more than gem tangs... but of course they get the luck when it comes to gemmatum pricing...
Copps