A piscine murder mystery guaranteed to stump you

FalsePerc

New member
Hi all,

I was recently hospitalized for a period of a week, and left my reef tank in the care of a competent friend. The hospitalization was anticipated a day in advance, so I had the opportunity to ensure that all was right with the reef and write out and explain in person detailed instructions for the aquarium's care. The fish, 2 false percula clowns, a lubbock's wrasse, and a blue damsel, were as healthy as can be and had been living in this aquarium for well over 3 months at this point in time. I fed them a little bit extra before leaving, but it was nothing excessive. On the first day of my hospitalization, my friend tested calcium, alkalinity, and pH and dosed B-ionic two-part according to my instructions. He also fed the fish a pinch of food, and reported that they were active and happy and begging for food. The next afternoon, he returned to find all of the fish dead and adhering to the tank's pumps. At first, he imagined they'd been sucked into the pumps and perished in that manner. However, he was resourceful enough to bring a water sample to a highly trusted local fish store for thorough testing, which was performed readily and without charge (props to Aqua Hut on Long Island, for anyone in the area!) He also took a detailed, 5 minute video exploring every crevice of the aquarium and took a tremendous amount of photos, which he shared with the patient LFS employee.

After testing for every parameter in the book and reviewing the photos, the employee (who remembered my tank from my own prior visits) reported that the water conditions could not be any closer to ideal, and stressed especially his surprise at the on-target alkalinity/calcium levels and low levels of waste (absolute 0 nitrites/phosphates and "astonishingly low" nitrates).

To complicate the story and add to my bafflement, each and every coral in the system not only survived whatever event spontaneously killed the 4 healthy, hardy, and established fish, but continued to thrive. I returned home today and made the same observation. After testing the water on my own, this is what I came up with:

KH = 9 dKH
Ca = 450 ppm
NO3- < 20 ppm
NO2- = 0 ppm
Temp = 78.9 F
Salinity = 1.0265 / 35 ppt
Mg = 1350 ppm
PO4 = 0 ppm

The aquarium is a 9 month old 28 gallon nanocube with a 5 gallon refugium containing a heavy-duty sponge filter, an air-driven box filter containing seachem's "Matrix" biological substrate, and an airdrome for circulation. For skimming, I employ a Venturi-driven CPR bakpak that hangs on the refugium. For mechanical and chemical filtration, a magnum 350 canister filter is loaded with a filter sponge and a mix of regularly-changed chemi-pure, purigen, and matrix carbon. It has a shallow sand bed of roughly one quarter inch of fine Southdown sand (same goes for the fuge).

The reef is home to a variety of corals: SPS, LPS, and a few softies. Additionally, it houses a tiger tailsea cucumber, sand sifting star, 2 peppermint shrimp, a skunk cleaner shrimp, a menagerie of snail-killing baja and Halloween hermits, a large and badass scavenging nassarius snail, a brown brittle star, a small yellow cucumber, Sally light foot, emerald, and acro crabs, a derasa clam, and a variety of sponges, only one of which was purchased: a healthy and fast-growing red-orange variety. Not a single invertebrate in this reef was affected by the mysterious pescicidal event.

I am completely stumped by this sudden loss of fish life in the face of thriving invertebrates, and all I can ask is: what on earth could possibly have gone wrong here? My solitary hypothesis is a tremendously weak one: my friend tested and dosed prior to feeding the fish their last supper, and he reported that he had difficulty locating the proper testing reagents and ended up touching all of the testing reagent bottles. It is possible, I suppose, that one or more of these reagents could have been on the caps or sides of their bottles, and may have therefore ended up on my friend's finger tips and therefore been absorbed into the few pinches of food (new life spectrum marine formula). The only support for this is that my friend has peripheral neuropathy that results in very poor sensation in the fingertips, which may have prevented him from feeling an irritating reagent's presence on them. Once again, however: this hypothesis is weak and I know it. I feel I can rule out a fish-hungry predator based on the fact that all corpses were recovered by my friend completelyintact, from the sides of the circulation pumps.

Anyone on here wanna try their hand at solving this bizarre murder mystery? I'll attach a photo of the reef as it was before I left. The lights are off now, but I'll post an "after" picture tomorrow. In the mean time, you can visualize this "after" picture by subtracting the fish but changing nothing in the health of the corals.

Seriously, though: what kills a damselfish but not a clam? An ocellaris clown but not a forest of SPS? And all at once, nonetheless?

Thanks,

Mike

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Damn, that's a good call sir! Apparently one can test for the presence of saponins such as Holothurin by boiling in a water bath and shaking vigorously. The appearance of a "persistent froth" indicates these compounds are present. I am performing this test now, though the toxins may have been broken down by now. Holothurin is indeed piscicidal and often is harmless to macroinverts, though some smaller ones apparently are susceptible. These symptoms do indeed seem to fit the bill! What a shame, that such a tiny and seemingly harmless little cuke could nuke an entire tank. I introduced 2 of those yellow cucumbers about a month ago, but am only aware of the location of one and he seems healthy. I'm guessing his compatriot met a grisly and vengeful end.

So my question now becomes: should I remove the remaining cucumber? Or would I risk re-releasing Holothurin in my undoubtedly less-than-graceful attempts to remove the little bastard?
 
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I'm guessing this species is the culprit. This ones the healthy and located specimen, but he is in a hard to reach location.

However, I also have a tiger tail. Could he be the culprit?

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Well if your accepting any hypotheses, I say the fish all commited suicide because they missed you so much. If the water was truly "perfect" according to your lfs testing there would be no reason to for you Cuke to nuke the tank. To me it sounds like possible poisoning, did your friend spray raid under his fridge before coming over, or check his break fluid and then touch the fish food? I think this will be extremely hard to "guess" what happened. Good luck with the new fish and I'm sorry the others are gone.
 
Poisoning is most likely whether it be from an externally introduced toxin or internally produced.
 
Yeah, my friend does work with his hands a lot, ironically enough. It's not entirely unlikely that something got into the food that way. I figure it'd be pretty tough for the chemistry to go south so quickly in only a day when this is a tank that can usually be left to its own devices for3-4 days. Plus, I doubt it'd right itself so quickly too. If it was a cuke, maybe it got sucked into a power head or that damn Sally light foot crab tried to eat it (she tries to eat everything)
 
Cucumbers do a great job on sand but are just not worth the risk IMO and I've never kept them. Like some other critters they will eventually find their way into a power head, overflow etc. or get attacked by something but unlike the others they will nuke the tank. Being you've lost track of 1/2 of them I would say its pretty safe to say it met its demise and took your fish along for the ride.
 
when I had 2 cucumbers die in a 60gallon tank all my corals turned really unhealthy pail brown in hours. sump was full of froth on the surface like you would expect. no fish loss
 
Sorry to hear of your losses.

I posted about this yesterday - I had to remove a pink/yellow cuke from my 65g. I did my best to be careful so that no toxins got into the water. But it happened and the fish died but corals, cleaner shrimp & snails were not affected. It was fast, & the fish floated dead out in the open instead of disappearing entirely as is common in most fish deaths. Death was almost immediate. I did a moderate water change & added a bag of carbon. This was a few years ago before I got QT religion - i introduced an new fish within a a day or so and it did just fine.

So based on my experience I believe the cuke theory is indeed plausible. But I suppose something must have upset the cuke (if indeed you species is toxic enough). In any event all the clues you posted do seem to point to a rapid poisoning event.

Best wishes going foreword.
 
Oh I forgot to mention...

When I introduced the cuke mentioned above, it got upset in the LFS bag and released toxin. The bag water (maybe 1.5L plus) turned milky white. I cut away the plastic that it was attached to & introduced it to the tank with no problems for about a year & a half until the incident above.

It would eat fine but was slowly shrinking in size - a sign of decline I had read about and this was the reason I decided to remove it. Very stupid in retrospect but I should have never put it in the tank after what I witnessed, or at least broken down the tank to remove the fish once I knew if was in decline.

One last observation: after the poisoning, the mostly LPS corals all did a massive waste expulsion & their polyps were hyper extended with feeders extended.
 
Yeah, my friend does work with his hands a lot, ironically enough. It's not entirely unlikely that something got into the food that way. I figure it'd be pretty tough for the chemistry to go south so quickly in only a day when this is a tank that can usually be left to its own devices for3-4 days. Plus, I doubt it'd right itself so quickly too. If it was a cuke, maybe it got sucked into a power head or that damn Sally light foot crab tried to eat it (she tries to eat everything)



It is a 28 gallon tank. A small amount I any toxin is going Is going to nuke that tank fast. That is one of the reasons we have 400g of total water in our system to prevent thing from going south to quick. My other question is what is the ammonia and nitrite levels?
 
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