From what I understand, single end bulbs have the protective bulb over the arc tube. DE bulbs need the glass between the arc tube and the water 1) to protect the arc tube and 2) to filter out UV rays that are harmful. as far as ballasts go the electronic are more efficent, uses less electric. Core &coil/ Magnetic have differant windings/core that give a certain wattage off or pulses.
Reef keeper magazine has a nice artical by Sanjay Joshi. very informative. I'm not sure of the date of the artical. Hope that helps.