If you keep the bucket covered, you should be able to keep the water almost indefinitely, especially if it's in a food grade container (I use a 6 1/2 gallon water jug I bought at Lowes) that hasn't been used for anything else. If you're going to keep it much longer than the couple weeks crvz suggested, I'd check it with a TDS meter before you use it, just in case. While I was deployed, I actually had a 6 month supply of both fresh and salt water for my tank, and there were no issues.