To be honest, I find it disgusting to hear how careless some of you are about the fish you keep! If I could not keep a fish alive for 9 months, I would get out of the hobby now! This is the attitude that makes non hobbiest want to ban the hobby of keeping reef fish and is defiantly not sustainable!
At least gooliver is asking why? Good for you! Natural causes are unlikely, as most tangs in our tanks are very young and should grow large and old. His fish was just a juvenile and had a long life ahead of it! Tangs are long lived. I have had some for 3 years now, but they are still young. Remember your talking about a fish where some verities of grow to 14"
Tangs a herbivores, not meat eaters. While I imagine they love it, Mysis is not proper food for tangs. Most tangs I see are in very poor health and are not being feed enough greens. I feed mine greens every day, usually twice a day. I have come to realize that my tangs are not as healthily as I had thought. Check out this forum by Lee Boca ->
http://reefcentral.com/forums/showthread.php?threadid=785228 He gave a very informative presentation based on it at the last SCMAS meeting.
Also your copperband butterfly might have had something that it was not bothered, by but the tang was. Or perhaps the tang was stressed and the addition of the copperband butterfly to its territory stressed it to the point it could not cope any longer.
We do not have enough information to know for sure why it died? What were your water parameters, How many other fish? What other symptoms did it have? A microscope might help some. There are people on RC that examine a fish and do an autopsy. My guess is it was under nourished and the stress of a new possibly sick fish was more then it could take.
Their are some excellent threads on QT tank set up. I could not find any right off hand. You need just a minimal set up and defiantly a good idea to have one! I do!