Randy's Red Haddoni

<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=13507050#post13507050 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by puter
I was afraid you might ask that...
I don't know.... NH4+? Following a convoluted thought process:
  • Sea anemones excrete as their principal nitrogenous waste ammonia...
  • The heavy reliance by sea anemones on proteins as fuels in energy metabolism implies a large production of nitrogenous wastes
  • NH4+ infusion experiments suggested that the need to void this toxic substance affected the anemone's expansion state and ventilation of the coelenteron.
I'm still trying to figure out why newly imported anemones expand and contract so much. The first few days might be explained by osmotic equilibration. But, it seems to continue much longer than that. If the brown blobs contain ammonia perhaps that provides a partial explanation?

Besides the contracting, everting, and gaping mouth, there are not a lot of outward signs before a failing anemone's tissue begins to lyse... even when looking at the tissue with a reasonably good microscope. That leads me to wonder if some sort of toxicity might be involved rather than the widely assumed bacterial infection.

Again, this is an academic discussion since your anemone looks fine as of the last picture you posted.

Mark

I think it would be mostly NH3, since the water isn't acidic.

Here's my speculation with only a tiny bit of knowledge: Nem solid waste is mostly undigested organics and a little ammonia. They don't have complex or efficient digestive systems, so they are unable to break down their food past some point.

The ammonia is a product of their respiration no? How exactly do nem's accomplish this? A short lession in invert biology would be appreciated.

PS: My hermits always end up with the excreted silversides before I can ever get to them. Yuck :p
 
<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=13507545#post13507545 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by BigJay
PS: My hermits always end up with the excreted silversides before I can ever get to them. Yuck :p
Cut them in smaller pieces :)

fwiw: It appears lancefish are softer bodied. Try TMC Gamma foods brand if you can find it.
 
Randy, I am sure you have seen the thread on dosing with Vit C. Have you considered trying that to help the anemone along?

Thanks for the suggestion. I have followed some of the threads. I don't think this is something that I want to experiment with at the moment, however. :)

I'm still trying to figure out why newly imported anemones expand and contract so much. The first few days might be explained by osmotic equilibration. But, it seems to continue much longer than that. If the brown blobs contain ammonia perhaps that provides a partial explanation?

It might be as simple as the anemone drawing on its internal reserves for energy, and that unusually rapid conversion of stored molecules creates internal chemical stresses that necessitate more expansion and contraction to get rid of undesirable materials.

I think it would be mostly NH3, since the water isn't acidic.

Unless the pH is above about 9.3, the primary form of the NH3/NH4+ pair is ammonium (NH4+). But that isn't really what I meant by form. Neither of those two will be held in a hydrated solid organic mass like the blobs we are talking about. The only way I can see ammonia being rapidly released from these blobs is as bacteria break organics apart.
 
OK, its mid afternoon Day 12, about 30 h after the first feeding.

It was nicely expanded all day yesterday (the feeding day), and then deflated at lights out. It reinflated in the AM with lights on. In the morning today it was a bit less expanded than yesterday and the mouth was a bit more open.

This afternoon it is standing taller than it has in the past, and the column is a bit inflated side to side as well, as can be seen in the photo. Perhaps it is swollen more due to digesting its meal. The mouth is more closed than it has been before (except when deflated at night), but still not totally closed. It looks like a big terrestrial mushroom today, and the column looks a bit like a nuclear power plant cooling tower, wide at the bottom, then thinning a bit, then wider again as you go up.

3491Red_haddoni_12_Days_in_Tank_2.jpg
 
So, two questions for folks:

1. Assuming nothing unexpected happens, how long would I wait before trying to feed again. I was thinking 3 days after the first one, but any suggestions are appreciated.

2. How much do haddonis shrink at night when fully healthy and stabilized in a tank?
 
I'd wait until it expands to normal size, likely a few days as you planned.

Shrinking down to 25-33% of expanded size is not uncommon. Smaller specimens can almost disappear into a deep sand bed.
 
The heavy reliance by sea anemones on proteins as fuels in energy metabolism implies a large production of nitrogenous wastes
Who says they rely heavily on protein? In any event, the rate of excretion for inverts tends to be less than most fish (gram per gram). Some of the highest rates of excretion from inverts are comparable with the lowest rates in fish. I'm not sure how much the can be generalized to all host anemones, but BTAs pretty much break even in clean water. Their zoox take up as much N as the anemone excretes. In N enriched water they can take nitrogen up faster than they produce it.

The ammonia is a product of their respiration no? How exactly do nem's accomplish this? A short lession in invert biology would be appreciated.
No. It's mostly a product of protein metabolism. This is a general biochem process, not something specific to inverts, so Randy would probably be able to explain it better than me.

As for what makes up the little brown blobs or anemone poop. That's up for you guys to figure out. I've never noticed the little brown blobs before and no one has ever really looked at the composition of anemone poop (I was asked to do it, but turned it down :lol:).
 
<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=13508728#post13508728 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by greenbean36191
Who says they rely heavily on protein?
Ummm....... That would be me, and many many other anemone keepers. I don't need some over paid university professor to do a study on anemone metabolism to show that anemones "rely heavily on protein". When anemones feed well they grow. When they are starved they shrink. This is the same for most animals on the planet, including us. Anemones feed on protein based prey. It's as simply as that. Just because the scientific community may be behind the aquarium hobbyists on this one, doesn't make it any less true.
<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=13508728#post13508728 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by greenbean36191
In any event, the rate of excretion for inverts tends to be less than most fish (gram per gram). Some of the highest rates of excretion from inverts are comparable with the lowest rates in fish
But we are not comparing anemones to fish. The fact that there are animals that produce more waste than anemones (gram per gram) is not evidence that anemones don't produce a great deal of it themselves. We keep LARGE anemones in systems where we would not think of keeping a equally sized fish. The load that these animals place on our systems is what's important. A large haddoni may place more of a load on the system than the small clownfish it's hosting, even if gram per gram the fish is producing more waste than the anemone.

<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=13508728#post13508728 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by greenbean36191
no one has ever really looked at the composition of anemone poop

Ummm...... I have, and I'm sure many many others have as well. I'm just an aquarium hobbyist, though, so my observations would be considered anecdotal at best by the scientific community. I have observed zooxanthellae in coral planulae and elegance coral tissue. I've studied them the best I can with the limited resources available. I looked under a microscope at these small brown blobs. They appeared to consist of zooxanthellae to me. Of course I'm just another aquarium hobbyist that's not capable of intelligent thought, so...............
 
<a href=showthread.php?s=&postid=13508403#post13508403 target=_blank>Originally posted</a> by traveller7
I'd wait until it expands to normal size, likely a few days as you planned.

Shrinking down to 25-33% of expanded size is not uncommon. Smaller specimens can almost disappear into a deep sand bed.

If I touch my green one, or something falls onto it, it will go from this,

HiddenHaddoni5.jpg


to this,

hiddenhaddoni.jpg
 
Easy Darrell, I asked Mike to weigh in and respond to the "lesson in invert biology" question since he is eminently more qualified to do so than me. And, the bulleted quotes I referenced came from J. Malcolm Shick... one of those university professors who knows a heck of a lot about anemones.

I didn't mean to derail Randy's thread with too much of a theoretical discussion. It just seemed like a good opportunity to try to reconcile some of the extensive "observational" data we bring to the table with what's "really" going on inside these animals.

Anyways, Randy, as to your question, I am no longer convinced it is beneficial to feed newly acquired anemones more than about once a week until their feeding response improves. Healthy S. haddoni anemones react with very little delay to the presence of food and quickly envelope it with their oral disc. I would limit the frequency of feedings until you see that occuring, which could take as long as eight weeks in my experience.

Unless recently fed or disturbed, my S. haddoni anemones don't typically contract much at night... I'd go along with the low end of Scott's estimate. After being fed, a variety of column and mouth contortions overnight are common.

Mark
 
Mark -- I have noticed that my 3 contract about the same % that Scott had mentioned ( 25%-33%) each night.

As for regular feedings ( after settled in ) mine are lucky to be fed ( directly ) once every 3 weeks -- mainly because I tend to forget to do it.

The full retraction, after being disturbed, is shockingly fast, in the order of a couple of seconds.
 
One other thing...

Looking at your latest picture: Unless disturbed S. haddoni anemones typically rest their oral disc on their surroundings, be it rocks or sand. The position your anemone is in, with all sides of the disc raised off the substrate is unusual. The only time I can recall seeing my anemones in a similar position for any length of time is when they spawned.

Mark
 
As for regular feedings ( after settled in ) mine are lucky to be fed ( directly ) once every 3 weeks -- mainly because I tend to forget to do it.
I agree Todd. Once adjusted these are very hardy anemones. I'm not convinced that they normally need regular feedings so long as they're getting sufficient light.
The full retraction, after being disturbed, is shockingly fast, in the order of a couple of seconds.
No doubt. I got soaked the first time I accidently touched one, it retracted and I instinctively yanked my hand back.

Mark
 
It is curious that some folks have them contract at night, and others do not. I wonder if that is more a trait of the anemones involved, or of the tank environments involved?
 
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Over the years, mine would react to pH, temperature, light oversaturation(anecdotal), and when adding new carbon(obviously multiple variables).

fwiw: All of my specimens in all of my tanks have contracted measurably after lights out. Full expansion would occur within 3hrs of lights on.
 
Wow, quite a response. No one is saying you're wrong or your personal experience is useless. Mark simply asked me to come and clear up some of the speculation about what was being excreted and how much since this is something I've actually measured. You're getting worked up about things I wasn't even arguing.

I don't need some over paid university professor to do a study on anemone metabolism to show that anemones "rely heavily on protein". When anemones feed well they grow. When they are starved they shrink. This is the same for most animals on the planet, including us. Anemones feed on protein based prey. It's as simply as that. Just because the scientific community may be behind the aquarium hobbyists on this one, doesn't make it any less true.
Just to get things straight- I'm not a professor, nor do most biology professors make much money, especially considering how long they go to school.

This also isn't anything new to them. The scientific community has known for several decades that unfed anemones often shrink, whereas fed specimens grow. That does not imply that they rely heavily on protein, especially for energy, which was the statement I quoted. It only shows that they can't usually balance their N budget through DIN uptake alone (though it's also known that some can under N enrichment). Even if they only rely on protein for 1% of their N budget you will still get shrinkage without feeding.

Comparing humans or even fish to anemones in this regard completely ignores physiological differences, particularly the ability of anemones to use N sources besides protein.

But we are not comparing anemones to fish. The fact that there are animals that produce more waste than anemones (gram per gram) is not evidence that anemones don't produce a great deal of it themselves. We keep LARGE anemones in systems where we would not think of keeping a equally sized fish. The load that these animals place on our systems is what's important. A large haddoni may place more of a load on the system than the small clownfish it's hosting, even if gram per gram the fish is producing more waste than the anemone.
Admittedly I worded my first post poorly, but you've also ignored the important part of my post about BTAs breaking even with regards to ammonia.

The supposition was made that anemones must excrete a lot of ammonia. I was simply pointing out that in general, inverts (without symbionts) excrete less than fish, sometimes a lot less, so this isn't a great assumption. In fact, we know from measurements on at least two species of zooxanthellate anemones that the rate of ammonia uptake is almost equal to the ammonia production so there's virtually no excretion. When you compare real numbers, an average sized clown excretes about 8 times as much per hour as an 18 inch BTA. When that anemone hosts a clownfish (or shrimp), it acts as a sink for ammonia produced by the fish, and you get a net reduction in the rate of ammonia produced between the two. The anemone is effectively a negative load in respect to ammonia.

Ummm...... I have, and I'm sure many many others have as well..... They appeared to consist of zooxanthellae to me. Of course I'm just another aquarium hobbyist that's not capable of intelligent thought, so....
I'm not sure where this is even coming from. No one here reads minds. The only way anyone knows your results is if you make them public. If you told us about your research into anemone poop previously I missed it. Regardless, anemone poop is clearly not made entirely of zooxanthellae, though that's known to be one component. The fact that it does contain zoox doesn't answer the original question, what makes up the poop, specifically in regard to nutrients. As for a hobbyists results meaning nothing, if you actually read what I wrote in my post rather than what you want to see, you may notice that I recommend that "you guys" as in fellow hobbyists figure it out.
 
And, the bulleted quotes I referenced came from J. Malcolm Shick... one of those university professors who knows a heck of a lot about anemones.
Do you know the reference on any of them? I've read a lot of Schick's work, but mostly on diffusion and gas exchange. He mostly uses azooxanthellate species for his work. Do you remember what species he was using? Whether or not there were zoox makes a huge difference with N cycling (and the dependence on protein).
 
While I love a great discussion, this one is taking an exit into realms not covered under the heading of the thread title.

My suggestion, start a thread about anemone nitrogen uptake and excretion and let Randy get back to documenting his red haddoni.

Thanks.
 
One last post from me on this and I'll go back to lurking...

My understanding is that a high percentage of newly imported S. haddoni anemones perish within weeks. I don't know if that is due to some sort of bacterial infection (as suggested by Delbeek and Sprung), toxicity, or some other cause. I also don't know if there are ways to identify signs of one cause or another. If there are it would certainly be helpful.

As I see it, Randy has two primary decisions to make: 1) whether to prophylactically treat his anemone with antibiotics in an effort to ward off an infection, and 2) whether to continue to feed his anemone. If he chooses to continue to feed his anemone he'll need to decide what to feed and how often.

I asked the question about ammonia because credible sources suggest:
  • Ammonia is toxic to sea anemones
  • there's a high rate of ammonia excretion by at least some sea anemones several hours after feeding
  • typically, zooxanthellae take up ammonia
  • however, "Dark treatment for 19 h causes zooxanthellate anemones to excrete NH4+" (i.e. shipping?)
Could feeding an anemone that is having trouble discharging/flushing its wastes lead to ammonia toxicity? I don't know. Randy's adeptness and understanding of the chemistry involved often leads to insights beyond my level of understanding. Whether this sort of conjecture is helpful or not with regards to the decisions he has to make about caring for his anemone, is certainly his call.

Mark

Mike, I'll send you the reference by PM.
 
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