There have been very few studies on learning in mantis shrimp. We use discrimination learning to discover what colors and types of polarized light they can see, but that is about it. I can tell you that like pigs, they do not respond well to adversive (punishment) conditioning. It is much easier to get them to respond to food or shelter.
Even here we sometimes run into trouble. In a classic study to examine learning in octopus, investigators presented the octopus with two paddles with different patterns on them. Behind on was hidden a crab. Fairly quickly, the octopus learned ot approach the correct pattern to get the crab. When I tried this with a mantis shrimp, it learned very quickly, but then things fell apart. It started associating the paddle with food and seized and tried to break and eat the paddle.
The experiment that we did that shows the longest memory in mantis shrimp asked the simple question "How long can a male remember its mate?" The answer is about a month, considerably longer than has been shown for many other invertebrates.
BTW, there is an article in the lastest Discover magazine that describes work done here at Berkeley by Dr. Mead on how mantis shrimp "sniff" odors.
Ro