Seahorses were added to CITES Appendix II in 2005.
The purpose of CITES is to prevent over exploitation of either endangered or potentially endangered species during international trade. The only time a CITES permit is needed for seahorses is when importing or exporting. Once imported, seahorses can be sold anywhere in the US without the need for permits. The dealer can then sell to another dealer or direct to a hobbyist as long as it is in the US. Florida LFS are sometimes inspected by Florida F&W but they don't need the CITES permit, only a receipt to show where they were purchased from.
As for importing, if you have an import/export permit from fish and wildlife, getting a CITES permit for import is easy. Pay the permit fee and you are basically done. It is the exporting country's responsibility to ensure that the seahorses are not being over exploited.
Exporting seahorses is a whole different story, at least in the US. Getting a permit for Wild Caught seahorses is very easy. Getting permits for Captive Bred is an entirely different matter as Fish & Wildlife put the dealer through the wringer to prove that they are Captive Bred, where the original brood stock came from, how they supplement their brood stock, what their future plans are on with supplementing brood stock, how long they have been breeding, where the breeding facility is located, what type of inspections are done and the list goes on. This is done for each export. I have not exported because of the hassles and expense. I have sold to those who have exported and it took many months to get permits in place. As the breeder, had to make multiple replies to F & W on all of these questions and more. Doesn't do much to protect species when Captive Bred are difficult to export and Wild Caught are easy.
Entirely different in other countries. In most cases an order can be placed and shipped the same week. One of the many disadvantages US breeders are faced with when it comes to competing globally with Captive Bred seahorses.
Dan