What are you using to test for phosphate? Assuming you're using a Hanna LR checker, a 0.00 reading would indicate you don't have traceable phosphate in your system. This would mean that either your GFO is working great, or it's unneeded. I'd assume the former based on your algae issue.
There are lots of other factors. What brand GFO are you using and quantity of GFO? For a 20g it wouldn't take much.
As far as flushing the GFO, I'd recommend using either RODI or tank water. I flush as recommended by BRS. I put the output hose in a bucket and turn on the valve. As soon as the output is clear (usually less than a minute) I turn off the valve and put the output hose back in the sump. If you're flushing with tap water, it would definitely use GFO, but I still can't see it exhausting it.
Check out the BRS calculator. It's a good place to start.