HOW TO SET UP A TANK, condensed verions (retitled)

Awesome thread Sk8r, i have a question about the sand though. Im planing on upgrading from my 55 gallon to a 75gal with 30 gal sump and plan on moving all my old stuff to the new tank in one night, i plan on adding some more sand to the tank, so should i rise off the old "live" sand that was in my old tank or will that kill it off? I know i need to rinse the new sand with salt water, but im not sure if i need to rinse the old sand.

Also i have 63lbs of live rock in the 55 gallon about how much more will i need with he new setup? Thanks
 
Once I get live rock, substrate, and saltwater in the tank, do you need to wait before adding snails and hermits and other cleanup crew type inverts or can they go in right away?
 
Start from the top of the thread and read down, Mackus: there are so many details I would miss if I tried to encapsulate it for you. The very short answer is---4 to 12 weeks before you put any living creature into it.

Re mixing old and new sand: just wash your old sand AND your new sand, the one to get garbage-fluff out and just leave rock, and the new sand to get the dust off, or you'll have cloudy soup. If it were mine, I think I'd pile the old sand in one corner, so it can set up fast, and leave the new sand in a pile in the other, so that once the old sand has set up, it can colonize the new stuff: if you mix it all up, the bacteria are going to be spread out and not as efficient as, say, a nicely colonized patch that will just send out 'expeditions' to other sand. Maybe it's an overwrought imagination, but it seems to be one good patch would be the way to go and let it feed the others.

Depth of sandbed: I go about 4". That rates, I think, as a DSB---deep sandbed. Some tanks use a shallow, at about 1", but I don't like those: they seem to encourage aiptasia, who get additional places to anchor, and dirty spots that feed the pests. [A dsb processes waste very thoroughly if well maintained, and you don't get pockets of crud that feed pest creatures.] A good dsb SHOULD have several sub-sand creatures like nassarius snails (abt 4 to 50 gallons) or fighting conch (1 per 50 gallon). DO NOT GET ANY EXCLUSIVE SANDSIFTER UNTIL YOUR TANK HAS BEEN RUNNING FOR NEARLY 6 MONTHS!!!!!! you'll starve them to death.
 
Thanks for all the information. I am planning to return to the hobby after about 15 years away from it. I thought I researched a lot back then but all this information is incredible. Even though I thought I was going very slowly, things like using tap water and believing the guy at the LFS when he said a big yellow tang would be fine in a 55 gal tank. Again thanks for the information.
 
Use 10% really good rock, with a lot of creepy crawlies, and give it 8 to 12 weeks to cycle...

...Most of the creepy crawlies will survive a cycle, and help it along a little besides, with their poo, though with the 10% live setup, I would suggest that you feed the tank about 5 flakes of fish food per 50 gallons during the cycling process. This will give the creepy crawlies a better chance of survival.

as per your advice: in my 55gal i have 50lbs of dry rock that i ordered from reef rocks and 6.5lbs of "live" rock from a LFS and i also started feeding the tank 5 flakes a day. i'm in no rush to complete the cycle, but i am wondering when i may start seeing results in my tank, either 'creepy crawlies' moving around or in the water tests. (im skeptical of the "live" rock the lfs sold me). should i wait 8 weeks before calling them to complain? thanks!
 
Well, live rock varies a lot in quality. Some has only bacteria and a few copepods. Some has a full array of sea life. If you got shorted of critters, wait until it does cycle, and you're installing cleanup crew (hermits and snails) and there are places online where you can get stomatellas, bristleworms, limpets, and all those good creatures. OTOH, some may show up---and if you maintain a decent relationship with the store, you may be able to talk them out of some freebie strombus grazer snails (reproduce like mad and are great cleaners, though very tiny) and some bristleworms and maybe a few other odd critters. I hope the rock does turn out to have some hidden surprises. They take time to multiply and you may see them 2-3 weeks into the process, particularly with a flashlight at night.
 
im going from a 55gal, fish only, 3" live sand bed with "bio ball wet dry rated for 120gal" to a 220gal with custom sump wet dry with about 6 cubic feet of bio balls. any advice on cycle or treatment of the sort that is different that my have not been mentioned already. IE: with 55 do this , but with a 220 do this instead. new custom sump size is 36" long x 24" high x 24" wide. little giant "5" pump. fish only for now. any ideas as to what to first?????
 
You should be good. Just put your fish into quarantine, wash your sand very thoroughly in discarded salt water, as you empty your tank, and set up the new one with it. Expect it to cycle in as little as 5 days, if you're using your old sand and rock and your old bioballs. (wash those too). THere'll be enough bacteria for the set-up, easily, and they'll be in good health from an in-house transfer.
Note: a fish-only can use bioballs.
 
I'm close to filling my first tank with water. I just have to fix the leak I'm getting with the bulkhead.

I have a 50g cube & 18g sump. You say 10% water change a week. That comes out to 6.8gallons. Now I've read you mix in the salt & heat it up to appropriate temperature.. but I only have a 5gallon bucket. I assume I have to get another 5 gallon bucket, and another pump & heater and do the same thing with that?
 
A second bucket will be a good thing: paint dept at Lowe's, the white 5 g ones. Never mind heating bucket 2: just heat bucket one to 80, and the extra couple of gallons in the second bucket being cold aren't going to make any great diff to a near-70 gallon system unless you're keeping super-fragile specimens. The ocean gets cold currents wandering around. If you get the same kind of buckets, they stack nicely; and you really need 3-4, counting draining the water off.
 
Thanks for all of the helpful information!

This Liverock FAQ says not to keep your lights on the first weeks you introduce LR so that you don't burn it. Is there any truth to this? Not sure what burning LR means.
 
'burning' usually refers to the higher-end lights like metal halides and those lights that have similar output.
Photosynthetic creatures shed and reproduce their photosynthetic components according to the available light. You'll see corals sometimes exude a brown stringy goop when upset: these are zooxanthellae (zo-zan-THEL-ee), and this indicates a light-stressed coral.
These rocks contain lifeforms that depend on light for their little passengers to produce sugars that feed them. If exposed to too much light, unprepared, damage results, like leaving a guy who's lived in a cave and is very pale---out exposed to the tropic sun. Skin damage results.
So when you start up powerful lights, first of all, you may want to shield your new tank's life, by burning them only a half hour at first, and increasing the time they're on by fifteen minutes a day until they're on for 8 hours at a stretch. You can help, too, by putting a screen of sunshield fabric on a frame between them and the tank (don't put them next to the light, or they could catch fire!) You'll use that every time you change, say, mh bulbs, which need to be switched out every 6-8 months: mh doesn't look different at 6 months to your eyes, but it's starting to burn through its useful life, and algae will increase and corals will suffer from its change of spectrum.
So, yes, a good idea to go slowly as you break in your powerful lights---let the 'guy from the cave', ie, your rock, 'tan' slowly: they've been stored in dark places and need time to get used to light again. And don't let your water heat above 80 degrees, and not below 78. It's a narrow window, with all the pumps and lights running a full schedule, and before there are a lot of expensive and delicate specimens in there, best get that 'heat balance' steadied down. For future reference, coral and other desirable life starts bleaching and dying at 85 degrees, and dying of cold at 62. So start watching your temperature and get that problem tamed. You can damage rock by overheating it much faster (as in a few hours) faster than you can damage it by letting it cool down because---remember this!---chemistry runs faster in warm conditions than cold, and what goes wrong when it's too hot goes wrong faster.
NEVER trust a heater thermostat: like the pirate code, it's more a guideline than a rule. Maintain two thermometers, one in the sump, one in the tank, and develop the habit of feeling the glass as you pass, so you'll notice any change. Temperature is one of the tricksiest problems you will solve. It swings a bit every day and night, and getting it to hit the sweet area of the scale requires some work.
You only THINK there's nothing to do while you cycle, eh?
Another thing to remember forever: your rock and sand retain either a good stage, a too-hot state or a too-cold state longer than the water. They're kind of a buffer, and may help save your specimens by providing a cooldown or warmup influence in a disaster.
Lot to learn, eh?
But lights, radiation, and temperature are intertwined, and very important.
 
hello...i have a 240g tank...and i was wonderin if its better for me to put the bio balls in the over flow or the sump?
 
You shouldn't be using bioballs if you want to have a reef: they're bad for the corals. If you want a fish only, they're ok, usually sited directly under the downflow's entry into the sump.
 
My friend is selling me his 55 gallon tank for 130. He has to move a lot, and wanting to sell it. Right now all he has in it is some live sand, a small chunk of live rock He also has s clown fish, and an oscellaris (spelling??).The only downside is, he has brown algae all in the sand, and i can also see it on the piping for the filter inside the thank. What are some helpful tips to move the tank, and fish? He lives only about two miles from me, so it is not a really long drive.
 
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