In the first pic? 2 are Aquaclear 500's I ran during cycling for the first 3 weeks. The other two are the inlet and output of the skimmer. It cycled quickly (about a week actually) because I was fortunate enough to have 70lbs of decent live rock available to me from a guy in Charlottetown, PEI who was shutting down. I asked for pics of his entire tank before I bought it to make sure it was quality. He also assured me it had no pests, and it didn't, except for some minor aiptasia..but I knew the cure for that, thus the matted filefish. I got it all for $120, fresh, here in about 3 hrs and ready to go.
When starting, if you are using live rock as your main filter as was my intention with this reef, it is very important to start with good rock.
Re: Berlin method..probably best to google it for full explanation, but it is basically a simple system from the '80's that relies on live rock, bare bottom, basic water changes and foam fractionalization (skimming) to maintain water quality. It works.
I had a couple of tanks with all the bells...but after a disastrous sump seam failure, I went back to sumpless and got rid of my dosing stuff and ato's etc.
They often turn out to be things that eventually fail, sometimes causing mayhem. Don't need it, didn't want it..so didnt do it with this tank.
The only other things in the tank now are the skimmer, a big powerhead and a good heater. I also replace my heater every two yrs, no matter how well it is working.
Here's a couple of pics of my previous tanks throughout the years. I got moved every 5 yrs or so with my company, so there were more than one, and the first reef pic is from 1990:
First reef and 2nd one which was built into a wall:
First FOWL tank, circa '89....a 135gal built into my den wall:
1998, 2nd fowl, a 180gal put in the wall between my office and the entrance way:
And a pic of my current planted angelfish fw, a 65gal Osaka rolled corner:
Last pic is my current tank, featuring a candycane colony with about a dozen new heads developing underneath:
Cheers..and keep 'em coming, I enjoy answering. -Tim