Over the tank sump

karimwassef

Active member
I currently have an arrangement where I have 4 tanks.

My DT is 380g
Above my DT, I have a 100g surge fed directly from a pump in my DT's weir overflow
Below my DT, I have a 180g sump with refugium/chaeto, skimmer inlet/return, chiller inlet/return and main return pumps.
Next to my sump, I have a secondary 100g aux sump plumbed around a corner - this captures the surge overflow into the sump.

There's two surges at 20g each for a dual surge at 40g. It's an actuated surge (all submerged).

The actuators are intentionally leaky - this means that they will continue to allow a low flow (400gph), even when closed. This tends to keep things from building up in the surge pipes. To manage this, my surge pump runs intermittently during non-surge times (like at night). It runs until the surge reservoir is full, then stops... Allowing the water to slowly drain until it gets close to the bottom and then restarts. The surge pump doesn't have a one way valve. So when it stops, about 20g flows back into the DT overflow and then to the sump. This back and forth is magic for my chaeto and refugium.

So... What if this was turned upside down? Basically, integrate the "sump" ABOVE the DT with a built in surge section? It wouldn't technically be a sump, but let's say all the sump engagements would move over the tank (refugium, chaeto, skimmer access, chiller access, dosing, etc...)

The container under the DT would just be an overflow catch!

Why?

I have a very tall skimmer so I have to pump up 10ft there.
Most of my tank's heavy flow comes intermittently from my surge releases (2 x 20g/10 sec). The main pump's flow is a fraction of that (3000gph). The average flow through the surge is also medium (3000gpg).

My sump's chaeto is brimming with life, especially pods. But being pumped generally kills them. If my overhead surge/"sump" was gravity feeding my DT, they should all survive. With only nutrients being pumped back up, this should maximize my pod access into the DT.

Complication. Since both the sump/surge combo and the DT would be overflow based, neither can act as a true sump with a water level sensor. The aux tank at the bottom of the stack would need to do that.
 
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As long as you are pumping from the lowest thing to the highest thing, with gravity drains between, it doesn't really matter what you call them.
 
Yes. I guess the surge isn't all that important. Something needs to be at the bottom but the idea is to put the "tank management" over the tank, instead of under. And gravity feed into the DT instead of pump in.
 
Another thing to think about... Draining from the top tank to the display with a siphon line would work pretty nice. A well tuned open drain would also most likely be fine, but might still drop some bubbles into it if something changes. You could have that line (and the emergency line) skip the display and go to the bottom tank instead. Leave the display draining into it as well as it currently is.

Shouldn't change how the system behaves, as in the end all the lines go to the bottom and are pumped to the top, but would keep the display from having bubbles for the most part. Still probably some on start-up, at least more so than with a pump starting, but that shouldn't be an issue.
 
This I have experience with. Since the surge is fully submersed, it is completely bubble free.

The water lever in the surge reservoir is always at least 6" over the U tube that feeds the surge pipes. The outlets are also underwater and the pipes are full of water (and only water) all the time.

The only source of bubbles in my system today comes from the secondary flow from the DT to the sump through the weir overflow. I tried to set up a BA but it's not possible to tune for two states - normal flow and surge. So the surge itself is bubble free, but the surge to sump sucks air as it flows down. The sump clears some of the bubbles but the flow is so strong that it pushes the finest bubbles to the end of the sump where the return pump gets them into the tank.

So- absurdly, the surge is silent and bubble free, then ten seconds after the surge, the main return pump pushes fine bubbles into the DT!!
 
So... Fundamentally, the surge/control tank over the DT is now a second living tank. It has a sand bed, refugium, lights and chaeto. It's the top tier tank. The DT is the cascade down from the top tank, and the sump is a small catch for water leveling purposes.
 
So. Working through this design and getting to the non-surge flow from the "surge reservoir" tank (my new name for the over the DT tank).

If I use a normal overflow/weir design, I don't believe I could tune it to avoid bubbles during the surge and non-surge. The Beananimal overflow would only work during the non-surge.

So... I'm getting to the conclusion that my flow from the reservoir to the DT cannot be passive. It must be actuated. Basically, a downturned PVC elbow passes water through an actuated valve that turns off if the water level drops too low. This would stop the air sucking vortex from engaging.

I can dial this output down enough so the surge continues to fill and purge, but this is turning the non-surge outlets into a contra-surge cycle secondary surge (since its actuated).

This means that it's not possible to have both surge and non-surge in the same system.

Thoughts?
 
So I think the lack of interest is because my proposal isn't clear.

Here's some images of my current setup to help:

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015view1_zpsw2xbuw3k.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015view1_zpsw2xbuw3k.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015view1_zpsw2xbuw3k.jpg"/></a>

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015view2_zps8uyarupv.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015view2_zps8uyarupv.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015view2_zps8uyarupv.jpg"/></a>

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015view3_zps2it9sslh.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015view3_zps2it9sslh.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015view3_zps2it9sslh.jpg"/></a>

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015view4_zpsoidfcfin.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015view4_zpsoidfcfin.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015view4_zpsoidfcfin.jpg"/></a>

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015view5_zpspqllj9jr.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015view5_zpspqllj9jr.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015view5_zpspqllj9jr.jpg"/></a>

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015view6_zpsghirlja7.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015view6_zpsghirlja7.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015view6_zpsghirlja7.jpg"/></a>

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015view7_zpsh0dmoa5x.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015view7_zpsh0dmoa5x.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015view7_zpsh0dmoa5x.jpg"/></a>
 
my main return pump runs to a two way diverter connected to a motor that alternates flow to two outlets on opposite sides of the tank (forgot to mention that).

By the way, I also use the aux sump to enable 100g water changes. I close the return pump's valve to the DT and open up a purge hose to the drain. This lowers the aux sump and last stage in the sump until there's only about 6" left. That's the level at which the return pump can continue to operate bubble free. Then I close the valve between the sump and aux sump, and also close the purge valve and reopen the main return valve.

This allows me to mix fresh saltwater in the aux sump and slowly release it back to the main sump/DT by opening the connecting valve.

This only works in the non-surge mode since the surge has to be nearly empty for the water to flow to the sump and be expelled.

Any questions on how the current setup works?
 
ok. now for the new setup. I'm going to map out the transition in phases. The first is to move the refugium/chaeto farm to the reservoir and remove the baffles in the sump.

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015view1x_zpsf9x1q0aj.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015view1x_zpsf9x1q0aj.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015view1x_zpsf9x1q0aj.jpg"/></a>
 
This achieves a couple of significant changes:

1. The fuge life now flows with each actuated surge without passing through a pump.
2. The main sump has only two stages, the second stage is large enough to reduce bubbles and can absorb the full surge reservoir volume without needing the aux sump.
3. The aux sump can now be taken offline completely, but I'm keeping it in as a waster change tool.

Downside is that the chiller and skimmer connections are still in the bottom sump. The next step will be to keep the inlets, but move the returns into the DT or the top reservoir. This uses the flow into the skimmer and chiller as additional returns.

There's also a UV sterilizer that's on a secondary return from the bottom sump to the DT. It's not drawn, but that would likely remain as is.
 
also... a gravity fed system doesn't require a siphon break. The only return potential is in the top reservoir. I'm adding a first stage box that eliminates the potential for a siphon.
 
So here it is - a gravity fed reef

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015v1a_zpsztwh9rkf.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015v1a_zpsztwh9rkf.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015v1a_zpsztwh9rkf.jpg"/></a>

the green lines are pump flow up to the top reservoir.
the pink lines are non-surge, alternating, but potentially intermittent gravity feeds to the DT.
the red lines are surges.
the white lines are siphons and overflows to the bottom sump.

The sump has no baffles outside of an inlet box .
There's an emergency in the top reservoir that feeds the DT
There are two emergency lines in the DT overflow that feed the sump.
The sump has an emergency overflow that goes into a holding tank in case of a total goof.

The volumes grow as you head down... so the non-fuge reservoir is ~100g, the DT overflow is ~40g, and the bottom sump is 180g (main) + 100g (aux when open). So, in theory, there can never be an overflow event than the sump can't capture.

If the fuge seal to the reservoir section breaks, that would double the top volume to about 200g, but the aux sump should be able to accommodate that.
 
<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015v2a_zpsekds1we9.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015v2a_zpsekds1we9.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015v2a_zpsekds1we9.jpg"/></a>

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015v3a_zpsrwarlnoz.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015v3a_zpsrwarlnoz.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015v3a_zpsrwarlnoz.jpg"/></a>

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/2015v4a_zpsh2bxmshn.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/2015v4a_zpsh2bxmshn.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 2015v4a_zpsh2bxmshn.jpg"/></a>

So. The purpose of posting is to try to break any bad ideas online before spending $ and time learning it on my own.

Please take a look and let me know what you think.
 
The top reservoir is about 6ft x 3.5ft x 18" tall. That gives me about 6" of clearance to the ceiling. Probably going 3/8" acrylic.
 
Here are photos of my current setup.

<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/55D6D60A-5593-4749-8EEF-E50A6B38052A_zpso4ixwwat.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/55D6D60A-5593-4749-8EEF-E50A6B38052A_zpso4ixwwat.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 55D6D60A-5593-4749-8EEF-E50A6B38052A_zpso4ixwwat.jpg"/></a>

Aux sump
<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/BF6EDDDC-F5C1-43C0-9CA5-0191A30E2077_zps8frvohaa.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/BF6EDDDC-F5C1-43C0-9CA5-0191A30E2077_zps8frvohaa.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo BF6EDDDC-F5C1-43C0-9CA5-0191A30E2077_zps8frvohaa.jpg"/></a>

Surge
<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/0340EEC7-4A5B-40DF-A428-95FF27F8F32A_zpslwpa0sn7.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/0340EEC7-4A5B-40DF-A428-95FF27F8F32A_zpslwpa0sn7.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 0340EEC7-4A5B-40DF-A428-95FF27F8F32A_zpslwpa0sn7.jpg"/></a>

Sump
<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/221E3DCE-E8E5-4D69-8B5E-4204BBDEE24E_zps7wjm1fg2.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/221E3DCE-E8E5-4D69-8B5E-4204BBDEE24E_zps7wjm1fg2.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 221E3DCE-E8E5-4D69-8B5E-4204BBDEE24E_zps7wjm1fg2.jpg"/></a>

Alternating flow diverter
<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/1A09593D-4091-427F-ABB2-2896FD239F10_zpswovymxvh.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/1A09593D-4091-427F-ABB2-2896FD239F10_zpswovymxvh.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 1A09593D-4091-427F-ABB2-2896FD239F10_zpswovymxvh.jpg"/></a>

Actuated surge valve
<a href="http://s1062.photobucket.com/user/karimwassef/media/74E799A6-59B9-4CCE-90DA-30AFF48D0554_zpsty4m3yrf.jpg.html" target="_blank"><img src="http://i1062.photobucket.com/albums/t496/karimwassef/74E799A6-59B9-4CCE-90DA-30AFF48D0554_zpsty4m3yrf.jpg" border="0" alt=" photo 74E799A6-59B9-4CCE-90DA-30AFF48D0554_zpsty4m3yrf.jpg"/></a>
 
Wow. Nearly 300 views and no comments?

What am I missing?

Have gravity fed reefs been done and this is all old hat or what ?
 
What am I missing?

Have gravity fed reefs been done and this is all old hat or what ?

Mostly i think its missing direct questions that people actually can answer.

The few issues i have thought of as possible impediments have solutions.

It does seem a little over the top for having the life drain instead of pump, which could have been solved by moving it and a light to the surge tank instead. The new tank will make it easier to see its still functioning, and aid in access if its lower...

I don't see how it will impact anything on the pumping and skimmer issue though, one way or another the same water is going up and down as it is now. Which pumps and where may change, but unless you change the flow it will be pretty much the same.
 
Thanks. Personally, I think a gravity fed reef is more natural and should be healthier and easier to operate and maintain.

1. No pumps to kill the fuge output.
2. Surge action keeps the chaeto mass free of settling debris.
3. Surge acts to flush life more effectively.
4. The large surge increases my overall water volume enhancing stability.
5. The non baffle bottom sump eliminates the need for an six sump.
6. The large open bottom sump removes bubbles caused by the DT-sump overflows more effectively.
7. The clear acrylic eliminates the need for a level indicator (still need sensors for the Apex).
8. The DT can't siphon out.
9. Life can't flow up to the fuge (snails and crabs get pushed down there now).
10. Anything that flows to the bottom sump is in a large unrestricted tank (easy retrieval).
 
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