Vodka is less dilute than vinegar in terms of the organic carbon. 80 proof vokda is 40% ethanol and 60% water. Plain white vinegar is only 5% acetic acid and 95% water. So, when converting from vinegar to vodka just divide the dose by 8.
Ethanol and acetic acid/aka ethanoic acid are about the same . Ethanol oxidizes to acetic acid in water. Acetic acid does release H+ quickly when added to the tank and can drop pH precipitously when dosed in volume at one time. It's best for slow dosing during periods of photosynthesis.
Vodka can be more easily bolus dosed(dosed at once) and is difficult to dose with dosing pumps etc since only small amounts are needed.
So, which you choose to use depends mostly on how you wish to dose it.imo.
Both cost just about the same, if you don't count the water. Both will have the same net effect on decreasing pH from bacterial activity and CO2 additions in the end( about .15 units in my case at a moderate dose) but vinegar drops pH fast and early and makes some of it back up.
FIWIW, I've used both vodka and vinegar for about 5.5 years.
Whether or not to use organic carbon depends on your goals ,your preferences , your tank , the corals you want to keep, the amount you wish to feed and whether or not you think the extra bacteria will help the food web among other things.
This thread which discusses organic carbon dosing choices and use may be of interest; there is also a vodka dosing article linked in it:
http://www.reefcentral.com/forums/showthread.php?t=2134105&highlight=organic+carbon+dosing