Dont mean to rain on your guys's parade, but your carbon is exhausted "spent" every 3-5 days. The pores fill up, period. Ya, maybe technically and circumstantially there may 0-10% lingering beyond that point, but for the most part, that's it. Anything beyond that is a very weak buffer against pollutants.
Best kind to use? Anything that's coal based, and preferrably acid rinsed. And for better absorption, smaller grains work more efficiently due to surface area. Thus making granules preferrable over pellets (obviously not over userbility I must admit though). Size of granules is not as important as porosity, although the size will dictate how long before it is exhausted and needs to be replaced.
Why does it seem to filter longer than the suggested weeks worth of use? Due to the surface area after a week it becomes an ideal environment for growing anaerobic bacteria, hence the 'filtering action' although if left for months and months I would imagine it would start to leach nitrates(however minutely), but I can only speculate theoretically on that.
I crammed as much info as I possibly could, kinda like for a final exam, well no, EXACTLY like crammin for a final exam

before I did the group buy and spent quite a bit of time mingling and fishing for info in the chem forum.
-Justin