Volts dont kill you, amps do. You can easily withstand 20,000 volts... heck, you can withstand much more. It just tends to hurt. You know those spheres at the funpark that cause people's hair to stand on end? Thats voltage, but with very little/no amps.
120v is what the ballast takes in, but its the ballast's job to transform that. Its the amps*volts which equals the wattage... and a 250watt ballast usually takes in somewhere between 270 and 320 watts. That wattage is converted so that during startup, the voltage is very high, since the higher the voltage, the greater distance/higher resistance the electricity can arc across. So while the ballast may have put 20,000 volts through you, its doing so with .0125 amps... enough to cook you a little, but not enough to kill you.
http://www.taser.com/pages/pr/qa.html#4
"High voltage, in itself, is not dangerous. One can receive a 25,000-volt shock of static electricity from a doorknob on a dry day without harm. The physiological effect of electrical shock is determined by: the current, its duration, and the power source that produces the shock. The typical household current of 110 volts is dangerous because it can pump many amperes of current throughout the body indefinitely. By contrast, the ADVANCED TASER power supply consists of 8 AA alkaline 1.5-Volt batteries capable of supplying 26 Watts of electrical power for a few seconds."
You may also want to read #5 and #6 on that page...
What Im trying to say is that while you may have been cooked a little, you may have not been in any real danger at all... just had the living daylights tasered out of you for 30 seconds straight.