Hi Paul
First of all tank you for granting me permission to show your photographs and also for the valuable tip about mincing the food for the Zanclus.
Since the last time I wrote many interesting evolvements occurred, of which I now give you the synthesis.
As I told you, I intended to collect some local sponge that I though to be similar to the orange one you show and use, and give it as food to the Zanclus. Well I did that and here are the facts:
I collected some samples of the local existing two sponge species, that later I have identified as Hymeniacidon sanguinea and Halichondria paniceia, with which I prepared what I call a “generic sponge paste†and later a “specific sponge pasteâ€Â.
Some images of the sponges, places of collection at Aguda rocky beach in Vila Nova de Gaia City, Portugal
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data...ichondria_paniceia_eulitoral_m_dio_escala.jpg
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Ocorrencia_2_Halichondria_paniceia.jpg
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Colheita_Halichondria_paniceia_eulitoral_m_dio.jpg
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data...gas_coralinas__mityllus_galloprovincialis.jpg
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Peda_o_recolhido_de_Hymeniacidon_sanguinea_escala.jpg
Before giving the Zanclus de generic paste, I was feeding it Ocean Nutrition dried algae, mainly the red one which it liked particularly, maybe because it was softer/smoother than the brown and green ones. I used to cut the algae sheets in small bits, soaked them in the tank water and thus macerated them between my fingers, plunging them afterwards in the tank, and the Zanclus would eat those soft bits. As time passed the Zanclus became more and more integrated in the fish community up to the point were it started to dispute them the food, showing difficulty only for lager bits since it doesn’t have the same ability to cut pieces as the other fish do. This confidence evolved more and more and from the moment I started to feed the sponge pastes prepared by me, the Zanclus started and still does to this day, dispute the food from any of the others “mano a manoâ€Â, regardless their size, volume, as shown by a video that I made specifically for that purpose. Also it no longer requires soaked and macerated algae, so I only have to cut it in small pieces which the Zanclus collects from the water surface, like the other fishes. I still give large pieces so that the other fishes maintain their habits. Not having to soak and macerate the algae is also very important because fewer algae are lost, so less pollution. To produce these small pieces I use a pair of scissors with which I cut on the algae sheet some strips 2 to 5 mm (+/-) spaced and afterwards cut them spaced likewise perpendicularly, producing thus the small bits that the Zanclus readily looks for, collects and ingests, mixed with all the other fishes.
The generic paste that I prepared, which has sponge from our coast in its composition, was very well accepted by both the Zanclus as well as the other fish , an expectable reaction since it has the sponge “masked†with several other ingredients that are very well accepted by the other fish.
The 1st specific paste that I prepared some days later was slightly less well accepted by the Zanclus and the other fish, also expectable since this later paste was composed by sponge and wheat flour only. A fortnight later this specific paste was improved by adding cyclop-eeze and preparing it to have elastic consistency similar to the one of the sponges them selves. This last specific paste, produced very interesting results since due to its consistency, almost only the Zanclus is able to consume it, eagerly I must ad . In my opinion such ability is due to the prehensile capacity of the Zanclus snout as if it was a prehensile beak or forceps, a feature that the other fish in the tank, lack.
The Zanclus shows a funny behaviour when it is eating the pastes. Normally it is the first to arrive to the spoon and it starts to eat. Then (as I decided to call it) arrives the “7th of cavalryâ€Â(as seen in the videos that I intend to send later on by e-mail) in the utmost hurry, confusion/trampling to reach to the paste (well…to avoid risking not getting a bite of such exquisite delicacy, or the end of the world arrive, which probably is not a problem so long as they manage to get a good snack of the paste)...well effectively when the Zanclus sees it self surrounded by so may mouths trying to eat its paste, it becomes “furiousâ€Âand turns to the side and “bites†and pushes its neighbour with a certain rage (even if the neighbour has 3 or 4 times its size and weight), this without any consequence for both the Zanclus and its neighbours, which continue to eat and remain so pushing one another during a few seconds after which they move away to swallow, returning afterwards.
This process lasts for 3 to 5 minutes after which I remove the spoon that still holds some paste stuck to it and wait 2 or 3 minutes after which I continue the feeding. This is repeated 2 or 3 times for each feeding session (two times a day a spoon for expresso coffee). It is important to remove the spoon from the water during the feeding intervals to:
1 - Avoid moistening/softening the paste to much, which could result in it becoming loose and scattered all over
2 â€"œ Renew the interest of the animals for the food after they become satisfied after having the first, second, third go, after that they are satisfied and it is pointless and needless to insist.
At first I was somewhat worried to feed sponge has these are known to be toxic, especially because the other fishes are also getting some, even if it is far less that the Zanclus. So far I observed no problem whatsoever.
During all this time my two Deltec APF 600 skimmers responded well to the requests. Any way that was my intention when I decided for two skimmers. My next project, a 625 or so imperial gallons marine reef tank (3000 liters or 3 cubic meters), will be equipped with two bubble king 300, 400 or 500 external skimmers.
Some Images of the sponge before mincing
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Esponja_congelada.jpg
FROZEN
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Hymeniacidon_sanguinea_antes_de_limpar.jpg
A small bit before cleaning
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Hymeniacidon_sanguinea_depois_de_limpa.jpg
Cleaned
The generic paste composition is as follows:
Ocean Nutrion red algae â€"œ 1/5th of a sheet (+/-)
Frozen Mysys â€"œ 1 cube
A piece of the local sponge (one or both species) â€"œ 1 piece with equivalent volume to the Mysys cube.
Trpoic Main Immuvit â€"œ 1 measure spoon (supplied in it)
Cyclop-eeze â€"œ 1 full tea spoon
Kent Zoecon â€"œ 2 drops
Table Mineral water â€"œ 2 full mineral water caps
Wheat flour 55 without yeast â€"œ Use enough quantity to give the paste a similar consistency of liver paste.
I started by mincing the Mysys, after which I minced the sponge followed by the algae, to which I added the 2 water measures to ease the mincing and blending. Presently I leave the algae soaking in a small glass bowl while I mince the other ingredients. The water retained by the algae is enough so the 2 water caps are no longer needed, or seldom needed.
Once the three ingredients were minced, I blended them between them selves and added the Tropic Marin Immuvit measure spoon and the Cyclop-eeze, blending everything together. Next and after obtaining a homogenous mix, I added and blended progressively the wheat flour until the pretended paste consistency was attained.
The paste is soft and adheres to the spoon, and does not detach it self into the water when the spoon is plunged in the tank. The features “soft†and “adherence to the spoon†are paramount. The first because as you well know and was kind enough to explain me, the Zanclus needs soft/smooth food so that it is able to ingest it since its snout does not allow it otherwise. The “adherence to the spoon†is important to assure that the major part if not all, is in fact ingested and not scattered all over. Now this is well evidenced in the video that I intend to send you by e-mail, reason for which I ask you to kindly send me a private message with your e-mail address (gmail please) so that I may send it over to you. I was able to publish it in the Portuguese forum because the administrator was kind enough to do it for me and thus every one over here in Portugal was able to witness this (very interesting).
The following photographs are not very sharp but probably that was due to the mincing activity in progress at that time
To mince the ingredients I chose a knife (and still use one) but you can use a kitchen mincer which is faster.
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317PICT0331.jpg
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317PICT0332.jpg
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317PICT0333.jpg
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317PICT0334.jpg
The specific paste 1st composition (now in stand by) is as follows:
One piece of local sponge (one or both species)
Wheat flour 55 without yeast - Use enough quantity to give the paste a similar consistency of liver paste.
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Esponja_picada.jpg
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Papa_de_esponja_apenas.jpg
The specific paste 2nd composition (very well accepted and swallowed by the Zanclus) is as follows:
One piece of local sponge (one or both species)
Cyclop-eeze â€"œ Quantity in equal volume of the sponge used
Wheat flour 55 without yeast â€"œ Use enough quantity to give the paste a similar consistency of sponges.
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Papa_espec_fica.jpg
A piece of sponge sided by three bits of Cyclop-eeze and in the centre, the already prepared specific paste.
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Papa_pronto_para_ir_frigorifico_zona_superior_.jpg
Specific paste (left) and generic paste (right), ready to be placed into the refrigerator top shelf covered by glass bowls to avoid drying.
It is my intention to replace the wheat flour by fish flour in the near future, but so far these three formulas are working well and are seldom pollutant. Due to their consistency they do not detach them selves in the water and are fully ingested.
Besides these pastes I started to feed small pieces of fresh sponge as shown in the photographs bellow. I had done this previously and the Zanclus showed some shy interest. I later noticed that the sponge had missing nibs, but couldn’t determine for sure if the Zanclus had eaten them. This time I remained observing and thus noticed that the Zanclus likes and eats the sponge bit by bit.
http://reefcentral.com/gallery/data/500/132317Naco_Halichondria_paniceia_com_algas_e_tudo.jpg
Upon searching in the Internet for some scientific/technical information about feeding habits of the Zanclus I found this interesting information stating that it feeds on zoobenthos and sponges between 85 and 87% if I well understood. Be it so or not, It is my belief that sponges play a very important role in the Zanclus nutrition, even if they are toxic. Analysing, collagen is one of the nutrients that the Zanclus may obtain from the sponge, a very important protein to the organism and its well functioning. Being a protein it has amino-acids in its composition which may be determinant for the well being and development of the Zanclus.
Citation from explanation in Wikipedia:
The Collagen molecule has a quite uncommon composition of amino-acids. It is formed by a grate number of glycines and pralines, as well as two more amino-acids that are modified after being placed by the ribosomes: the Hydroxiproline and the Hydroxilisine. These later two are derived respectively from proline and lysine through enzymatic processes that are dependent on C vitamin. For that reason the deficiency on C vitamin leads to scurvy, a disease related with collagen synthesis problems. Causes severe haemorrhage.
http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/TrophicEco/DietCompoList.cfm?ID=5950&GenusName=Zanclus&Specie sName=cornutus&fc=520&StockCode=6259
http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/TrophicEco/DietCompoSummary.cfm?autoctr=2439&GenusName=Zanclu s&SpeciesName=cornutus
http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/TrophicEco/DietCompoSummary.cfm?autoctr=2438&GenusName=Zanclu s&SpeciesName=cornutus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen
For the time being all I can say is that the Zanclus is evolving well, I think it grew. It eats these pastes, the sponge, algae cut in small bits, brine shrimp, cyclop-eeze.
The next step is to increase the number of times I give fresh sponge.
For the time being this is all. I’ll keep you informed of the developments.
I thank you once more for your valuable information and permission to show your sponge photographs â€"œ THANK YOU PAUL.
I thank also João M Monteiro for is support and everything â€"œ MUITO OBRIGADO JOÃO.
I profit to put some photographs obtained last 24th and 25th September 2006. Their quality is not very good, but will give you an idea of my marine tank and my Zanclus.
Kind regards
Blue Regal Tang (Pedro Nuno)