Teach me the ways of Calcium reacting

kevin_e

New member
This is how I see it:

I have a 30 gallon system that is full of healthy, colorful and growing SPS. I also have a system that is susceptible to quicker changes due to the smaller water body. My thoughts are that by stabilizing my system with a calcium reactor, I can enhance my success (Stability Promotes Success). I found that baking soda in my ATO did a good job of maintaining my alkalinity, but I stopped using it when my tank began to crash from a foreign chemical addition. That has since been corrected and growth has exploded again.

I decided to try Kalk, but I am having nothing but problems with it. I was using 1/2 tsp per gallon of water (even dissolved it in vinegar), but all I get is sediment in my bucket, around my float valve and in the bottom of my sump. I don't feel like it is benefiting me whatsoever, and the fact that my alkalinity has dropped by 40 ppm in 4 days speaks to that. My calcium has fallen from 395 to 375 in that stretch. That kind of drop cannot be promoting optimal growth.

I know for every 50 ppm of alk.,you lose 20 ppm of calcium and my tests reflect that amount in the past 4 days. On a per day average, I am losing roughly 12 ppm alk. and 5 ppm of calcium.

I know a reactor is unnecessary and that I could just manually dose, but again, I want stability. Dosing every 24 hours doesn't eliminate the daily drop, it just adds what I lost. I know another would be to add dosing pumps and I have considered that. However, I did some research and found that I could get a used Aquamaxx nano skimmer w/ regulator, solenoid, CO2 and some media for $150, which is cheaper than dosers, so obviously you understand my second reason for wanting the reactor.

Let's get down to the chemistry now:

The benefits of a reactor is that it adds the proportionate amount of Calcium, alkalinity and minor trace elements that coral take in, because you're dissolving coral skeleton to use.

With a daily drop as minor as mine, will I be able to dial in the nano reactor (i.e dial pH in on the higher range of the suggested 6.5-7.5, limit amount of effluent going into system adding smaller quantities of media) to add small amount of effluent to compensate for my daily loss of roughly 12 ppm alk. and 5 ppm of calcium. Keep in mind, I am still dosing Kalkwasser, so it may even be more than that.

After answering that, how do you limit the amount of effluent entering your tank? Obviously the pH controller controls the amount of CaCO3 dissolving into solution, but how do you limit that solution from entering the tank? or don't you? Do you just control the concentration by pH?

For stability purposes, my ideal dosing method would be small, dilute doses all throughout the day rather than one dose or two with auto-doser/manual teo-part.

Mechanics:

What is the best way of getting water from your tank, into your reactor and from your reactor to your tank? When the effluent enters the tank, how does the reactor know to fill back up with water? I assume there is a constant steady drip into the tank and into the reactor, correct?

This is what I am looking at:

http://************.com/2010/10/20/aquamaxx-cr1-nano-calcium-reactor/
 
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You can control the solution delivery on a CaCO3/Co2 reactor by the pump flow rate (it is always pumped) and you control the potency of the solution by the CO2 addition rate (which can be controlled by bubble counting or with a pH controller). :)

The link doesn't work. :)

How were you delivering the limewater (kalkwasser)?
 
How do you control the effluent pump flow rate? I'm guessing there must he a valve? How do you equilibrate that with the intake from the tank?

How does bubble counting work?
 
Personally I would not use a calcium reactor is a tank as small as yours, they are (to me) too difficult to dial in on a system under 100 gallons. Dosing two part on the hour would be a much better way to go.
 
Well like, I said, this is cheaper than the two-part system and once dialed in, will be much more stable for me. Dosing right now requires at least 0.4 tsp of calcium and alk. Per day even with the kalk.

Be mindful, this is a nano calcium reactor designed for tanks like mine. This isn't an oversized reactor I'm trying to dial down it's bare minimum level. It is designed to hang on the back, but I'll have it in my sump.
 
The effluent flow rate is controlled by the pump and usually a valve on the effluent return line . The reactor receives more flow than it puts out typically ;it's pressurized to an extent. Mine required two pumps : one to push water in and out via the effluent line ,and; another for circulating water in the reactor.


FWIW, I haven't used my calcium reactor in over 6 years or so ; I prefer dosing calcium hydroxide( kalk) because, it's: relatively simple, self purifying and pH boosting and consistent in terms of the amount dosed.
 
The effluent flow rate is controlled by the pump and usually a valve on the effluent return line . The reactor receives more flow than it puts out typically ;it's pressurized to an extent. Mine required two pumps : one to push water in and out via the effluent line ,and; another for circulating water in the reactor.


FWIW, I haven't used my calcium reactor in over 6 years or so ; I prefer dosing calcium hydroxide( kalk) because, it's: relatively simple, self purifying and pH boosting and consistent in terms of the amount dosed.


The unit I'm getting has the circulating pump underneayher it. The seller said he has another pump, so maybe that's for the return?

I've tried kalk but I just can't get it working.
 
I read it again and I have a question. It was stated that you want your effluent to have a pH around 6.5. It says ifvyou double CO2, double effluent rate. I'm guessing this is did he to prevent CO2 build up and cause the effluent from becoming too acidic?

Adjusting both effluent rate and co2 increases the amount of dosing. What about adjusting one or the other? Is this frowned upon because increasing just CO2 increases acidity and increasing just flow rate causes pH to rise, effective the amount of caco3 dissolving?
 
Yes, more CO2 in the reactor will make the water more acidc and will dissolve the media faster or in some cases make it mushy with lots of fines and clogs.
The effluent pH depends on the amount of CO2 in the reactor and the amount of water moving through it.
Same CO2 injection with more flow through equals higher reactor and effluent pH and less alk and calcium as less media dissolves.
Higher CO2 injection with same flow through equals lower reactor and effluent pH and more alk and calcium as more media dissolves.

I found it easier to set the flow first and then adjust the CO2 to a level sutied to my needs .typically they run well in the range from 6.5 to 6.9 effluent pH. It can be hjgher if you need less calcium and alkainity.
 
Thank you. I will try start out with a higher pH since I'm working with a smaller system. I don't want to drop pH too significantly.

Does anyone have any input on bubble counting? Where can I find literature on that?
 
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