Uncle, I hope you don't mind I borrowed your rendering, lol. I PM'd you this question, but figured I'd get a faster answer here. So feel free to ignore the PM.
I'm sure this has been answered somewhere in the 100's of pages, I just can't go through it all.
Here are my questions....
1) For 1500gph, is 1.5" overkill for all 3 pipes?
Yes and no. It is not necessary.
2) Should I do 1" for siphon and emergency, and 1.5" for the makeup pipe?
This will work also. Would not do a 1" open channel however. (what you are calling the "makeup pipe"
3) Why does the siphon need the tee and cap? Can I just use 2 elbows as I showed in the edited picture?
You can yes. The tees and threaded caps (threads not shown in render) are to allow cleaning the lines without disassembling the whole affair.
4) For the emergency, can I just use a straight vertical, open top pipe as in the edited picture?
Yes you can. Making all the standpipes the same, however, gives you a better sense of relative heights which affects starting characteristics.
Thanks for the help.